GE P4A Manuals

Manuals and User Guides for GE P4A. We have 1 GE P4A manual available for free PDF download: Technical Manual

GE P4A Technical Manual (850 pages)

MiCOM P40 Agile Single Br eaker Multi-End Current Differential IED (Non Distance)

Brand: GE | Category: Relays | Size: 8.63 MB

Table of Contents
3
Chapter 1 Introduction

27
- Circuit Breaker Fail Logic - Part
  28
- Rear Serial Port
  28
Chapter Overview

29
- Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme
  29
- Cip
  29
Foreword

30
- Target Audience
  30
- Typographical Conventions
  30
- Cip
  30
- Nomenclature
  31
- Compliance
  31
- Cip
  31
Product Scope

32
- Ordering Options
  32
- Cip
  32
Features and Functions

33
- Current Differential Protection Functions
  33
- Protection Functions
  33
- Control Functions
  33
- Measurement Functions
  34
- Communication Functions
  34
Logic Diagrams

35
- Figure 1: Key to Logic Diagrams
  36
Functional Overview

37
- Figure 2: Functional Overview
  37
Chapter 2 Safety Information

39
Chapter Overview

41
Health and Safety

42
Symbols

43
Installation, Commissioning and Servicing

44
- Lifting Hazards
  44
- Electrical Hazards
  44
- UL/CSA/CUL Requirements
  45
- Fusing Requirements
  45
- Equipment Connections
  46
- Protection Class 1 Equipment Requirements
  46
- Pre-Energisation Checklist
  47
- Peripheral Circuitry
  47
- Upgrading/Servicing
  48
Decommissioning and Disposal

49
Regulatory Compliance

50
- EMC Compliance: 2014/30/EU
  50
- LVD Compliance: 2014/35/EU
  50
- R&TTE Compliance: 2014/53/EU
  50
- UL/CUL Compliance
  50
- ATEX Compliance: 2014/34/EU
  50
Chapter 3 Hardware Design

53
Chapter Overview

55
Hardware Architecture

56
Mechanical Implementation

58
- Housing Variants
  58
- Figure 5: Exploded View of IED
  58
- List of Boards
  59
Front Panel

61
- Front Panel Compartments
  61
- Figure 6: Front Panel (60TE)
  61
- Keypad
  62
- Front Serial Port (SK1)
  62
- Front Parallel Port (SK2)
  63
- Fixed Function Leds
  63
- Function Keys
  63
- Programable Leds
  64
Rear Panel

65
- Figure 7: Rear View of Populated Case
  65
- Figure 8: Terminal Block Types
  66
Boards and Modules

67
- Pcbs
  67
- Subassemblies
  67
- Figure 9: Rear Connection to Terminal Block
  67
- Main Processor Board
  68
- Figure 10: Main Processor Board
  68
- Power Supply Board
  69
- Figure 11: Power Supply Board
  69
- Figure 12: Power Supply Assembly
  70
- Watchdog
  71
- Figure 13: Power Supply Terminals
  71
- Rear Serial Port
  72
- Figure 14: Watchdog Contact Terminals
  72
- Input Module - 1 Transformer Board
  73
- Figure 15: Rear Serial Port Terminals
  73
- Figure 16: Input Module - 1 Transformer Board
  73
- Input Module Circuit Description
  74
- Figure 17: Input Module Schematic
  74
- Transformer Board
  75
- Figure 18: Transformer Board
  75
- Input Board
  76
- Figure 19: Input Board
  76
- Standard Output Relay Board
  77
- Figure 20: Standard Output Relay Board - 8 Contacts
  77
- IRIG-B Board
  78
- Figure 21: IRIG-B Board
  78
- Fibre Optic Board
  79
- Figure 22: Fibre Optic Board
  79
- Rear Communication Board
  80
- Ethernet Board
  80
- Figure 23: Rear Communication Board
  80
- Figure 24: Ethernet Board
  80
- Redundant Ethernet Board
  82
- Figure 25: Redundant Ethernet Board
  82
- Coprocessor Board
  84
- Current Differential Inputs
  84
- Coprocessor Board with 1PPS Input
  84
- Figure 26: Fully Populated Coprocessor Board
  84
Chapter 4 Software Design

87
Chapter Overview

89
Sofware Design Overview

90
- Figure 27: Software Architecture
  90
System Level Software

91
- Real Time Operating System
  91
- System Services Software
  91
- Self-Diagnostic Software
  91
- Startup Self-Testing
  91
- System Boot
  91
- System Level Software Initialisation
  92
- Platform Software Initialisation and Monitoring
  92
- Continuous Self-Testing
  92
Platform Software

94
- Record Logging
  94
- Settings Database
  94
- Interfaces
  94
Protection and Control Functions

95
- Acquisition of Samples
  95
- Frequency Tracking
  95
- Direct Use of Sample Values
  95
- System Level Software Initialisation
  95
- Fourier Signal Processing
  96
- Programmable Scheme Logic
  97
- Event Recording
  97
- Figure 28: Frequency Response (Indicative Only)
  97
- Disturbance Recorder
  98
- Fault Locator
  98
- Function Key Interface
  98
Chapter 5 Configuration

99
Chapter Overview

101
Settings Application Software

102
Using the HMI Panel

103
- Navigating the HMI Panel
  104
- Getting Started
  104
- Figure 29: Navigating the HMI
  104
- Default Display
  105
- Default Display Navigation
  106
- Figure 30: Default Display Navigation
  106
- Password Entry
  107
- Processing Alarms and Records
  107
- Menu Structure
  108
- Changing the Settings
  109
- Direct Access (the Hotkey Menu)
  110
- Setting Group Selection Using Hotkeys
  110
- Control Inputs
  110
- Circuit Breaker Control
  111
- Function Keys
  111
Line Parameters

113
- Tripping Mode
  113
- CB Trip Conversion Logic Diagram
  113
- Figure 31: Circuit Breaker Trip Conversion Logic Diagram (Module 63)
  113
- Residual Compensation
  114
- Mutual Compensation
  114
Date and Time Configuration

116
- Using an SNTP Signal
  116
- Using an IRIG-B Signal
  116
- Using an IEEE 1588 PTP Signal
  116
- Without a Timing Source Signal
  117
- Time Zone Compensation
  117
- Daylight Saving Time Compensation
  118
Settings Group Selection

119
Chapter 6 Current Differential Protection

121
Chapter Overview

123
Current Differential Protection Principle

124
Charging Current Compensation

130
- Figure 35: Two-Ended Transmission Line
  130
Synchronisation of Current Signals

132
CT Saturation

135
CT Compensation

138
- Figure 42: CT Compensation
  138
Current Differential Intertripping

139
- Figure 43: Permissive Intertripping Example
  139
Stub Bus Differential Protection

140
- Figure 44: Stub Bus Protection
  140
Application Notes

141
Chapter 7 Autoreclose

149
Chapter Overview

151
Introduction to Autoreclose

152
Autoreclose Implementation

153
Autoreclose System Map

158
Logic Modules

173
Setting Guidelines

205
- De-Ionising Time Guidance
  205
- Dead Timer Setting Guidelines
  205
- Example Dead Time Calculation
  205
- Reclaim Time Setting Guidelines
  206
Chapter 8 CB Fail Protection

207
Chapter Overview

209
Circuit Breaker Fail Protection

210
Circuit Breaker Fail Implementation

211
- Circuit Breaker Fail Timers
  211
- Zero Crossing Detection
  211
Circuit Breaker Fail Logic

213
Application Notes

217
Chapter 9 Current Protection Functions

219
Chapter Overview

221
Phase Fault Overcurrent Protection

222
- POC Implementation
  222
- Directional Element
  222
- POC Logic
  224
- Figure 98: Phase Overcurrent Protection Logic Diagram
  224
Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection

225
Earth Fault Protection

228
- Earth Fault Protection Implementation
  228
- IDG Curve
  228
- Directional Element
  229
- Residual Voltage Polarisation
  229
- Figure 100: IDG Characteristic
  229
- Negative Sequence Polarisation
  230
- Earth Fault Protection Logic
  231
- Application Notes
  231
- Residual Voltage Polarisation Setting Guidelines
  231
- Setting Guidelines (Directional Element)
  231
- Figure 101: Earth Fault Protection Logic Diagram
  231
Sensitive Earth Fault Protection

233
High Impedance REF

238
Thermal Overload Protection

240
Broken Conductor Protection

245
- Broken Conductor Protection Implementation
  245
- Broken Conductor Protection Logic
  245
- Application Notes
  245
- Setting Guidelines
  245
- Figure 112: Broken Conductor Logic
  245
Chapter 10 Voltage Protection Functions

247
Chapter Overview

249
Undervoltage Protection

250
Overvoltage Protection

253
Compensated Overvoltage

256
Residual Overvoltage Protection

257
Chapter 11 Frequency Protection Functions

261
Chapter Overview

263
Frequency Protection

264
- Underfrequency Protection
  264
- Underfrequency Protection Implementation
  264
- Underfrequency Protection Logic
  265
- Application Notes
  265
- Overfrequency Protection
  265
- Overfrequency Protection Implementation
  265
- Figure 118: Underfrequency Logic (Single Stage)
  265
- Overfrequency Protection Logic
  266
- Application Notes
  266
- Figure 119: Overfrequency Logic (Single Stage)
  266
Independent R.O.C.O.F Protection

267
Chapter 12 Monitoring and Control

269
Chapter Overview

271
Event Records

272
- Event Types
  272
- Opto-Input Events
  273
- Contact Events
  273
- Alarm Events
  273
- Fault Record Events
  274
- Maintenance Events
  274
- Protection Events
  274
- Figure 121: Fault Recorder Stop Conditions
  274
- Security Events
  275
- Platform Events
  275
Disturbance Recorder

276
Measurements

277
- Measured Quantities
  277
- Measurement Setup
  277
- Fault Locator
  277
- Opto-Input Time Stamping
  277
CB Condition Monitoring

278
CB State Monitoring

285
- CB State Monitor Logic Diagram
  286
- Figure 129: CB State Monitor Logic Diagram (Module 1)
  286
Circuit Breaker Control

287
- CB Control Using the IED Menu
  287
- CB Control Using the Hotkeys
  288
- CB Control Using the Function Keys
  288
- Figure 130: Hotkey Menu Navigation
  288
- CB Control Using the Opto-Inputs
  289
- Remote CB Control
  289
- Figure 131: Default Function Key PSL
  289
- CB Healthy Check
  290
- Synchronisation Check
  290
- CB Control AR Implications
  290
- Figure 132: Remote Control of Circuit Breaker
  290
- CB Control Logic Diagram
  291
- Figure 133: CB Control Logic Diagram (Module 43)
  291
Pole Dead Function

292
- Pole Dead Logic
  292
- Figure 134: Pole Dead Logic
  292
System Checks

293
- System Checks Implementation
  293
- VT Connections
  293
- Voltage Monitoring
  294
- Check Synchronisation
  294
- Check Syncronisation Vector Diagram
  294
- Figure 135: Check Synchronisation Vector Diagram
  295
- Voltage Monitor for CB Closure
  296
  - Figure 136: Voltage Monitor for CB Closure (Module 59)
    296
  - System Checks
    296
- Check Synchronisation Monitor for CB Closure
  297
- Figure 137: Check Synchronisation Monitor for CB Closure (Module 60)
  297
- System Check PSL
  298
- Application Notes
  298
- Predictive Closure of Circuit Breaker
  298
- Voltage and Phase Angle Correction
  298
- Figure 138: System Check PSL
  298
Chapter 13 Supervision

301
Chapter Overview

303
Current Differential Supervision

304
Voltage Transformer Supervision

310
- Loss of One or Two Phase Voltages
  310
- Loss of All Three Phase Voltages
  310
- Absence of All Three Phase Voltages on Line Energisation
  310
- VTS Implementation
  311
- VTS Logic
  313
- Figure 143: VTS Logic
  314
Current Transformer Supervision

315
- Differential CTS
  315
- Differential CTS Logic
  316
- CTS Implementation
  316
- Figure 144: Differential CTS
  316
- Standard CTS Logic
  317
- CTS Blocking
  317
- Application Notes
  317
- Setting Guidelines
  317
- Figure 145: Standard CTS
  317
- Differential CTS Setting Guidelines
  318
Trip Circuit Supervision

319
- Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme
  319
- Resistor Values
  319
- Psl for Tcs Scheme 1
  320
- Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme 2
  320
- Figure 146: TCS Scheme
  321
- Figure 147: PSL for TCS Scheme
  321
- Figure 148: TCS Scheme
  321
- Figure 149: PSL for TCS Scheme 2
  321
- Figure 150: TCS Scheme 3
  322
- Figure 151: PSL for TCS Scheme 3
  322
Chapter 14 Digital I/O and PSL Configuration

323
Chapter Overview

325
Configuring Digital Inputs and Outputs

326
Scheme Logic

327
- Figure 152: Scheme Logic Interfaces
  327
- PSL Editor
  328
- PSL Schemes
  328
- PSL Scheme Version Control
  328
Configuring the Opto-Inputs

329
Assigning the Output Relays

330
Fixed Function Leds

331
- Trip LED Logic
  331
- Figure 153: Trip LED Logic
  331
Configuring Programmable Leds

332
Function Keys

334
Control Inputs

335
Chapter 15 Fibre Teleprotection

337
Chapter Overview

339
Fibre Teleprotection Implementation

340
Communications Supervision

348
IM64 Logic

349
Application Notes

351
Chapter 16 Electrical Teleprotection

355
Chapter Overview

357
Introduction

358
Teleprotection Scheme Principles

359
- Direct Tripping
  359
- Permissive Tripping
  359
Implementation

360
Configuration

361
- Figure 166: Example Assignment of Intermicom Signals Within the PSL
  362
Connecting to Electrical Intermicom

363
- Short Distance
  363
- Long Distance
  363
- Figure 167: Direct Connection
  363
- Figure 168: Indirect Connection Using Modems
  363
Application Notes

364
Chapter 17 Communications

367
Chapter Overview

369
Communication Interfaces

370
Serial Communication

371
- EIA(RS)232 Bus
  371
- EIA(RS)485 Bus
  371
- EIA(RS)485 Biasing Requirements
  372
- K-Bus
  372
- Figure 169: RS485 Biasing Circuit
  372
- Figure 170: Remote Communication Using K-Bus
  373
Standard Ethernet Communication

374
- Hot-Standby Ethernet Failover
  374
Redundant Ethernet Communication

375
- Supported Protocols
  375
- Parallel Redundancy Protocol
  376
- Figure 171: IED Attached to Separate Lans
  376
- High-Availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR)
  377
- HSR Multicast Topology
  377
- Figure 172: HSR Multicast Topology
  377
- HSR Unicast Topology
  378
- HSR Application in the Substation
  378
- Figure 173: HSR Unicast Topology
  378
- Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
  379
- Figure 174: HSR Application in the Substation
  379
- Figure 175: IED Attached to Redundant Ethernet Star or Ring Circuit
  379
- Self Healing Protocol
  380
- Figure 176: IED, Bay Computer and Ethernet Switch with Self Healing Ring Facilities
  380
- Figure 177: Redundant Ethernet Ring Architecture with IED, Bay Computer and Ethernet Switches
  380
- Dual Homing Protocol
  381
- Figure 178: Redundant Ethernet Ring Architecture with IED, Bay Computer and Ethernet Switches
  381
- Figure 179: Dual Homing Mechanism
  382
- Configuring IP Addresses
  383
- Figure 180: Application of Dual Homing Star at Substation Level
  383
- Configuring the IED IP Address
  384
- Configuring the REB IP Address
  384
- Figure 181: IED and REB IP Address Configuration
  384
- PRP/HSR Configurator
  387
- Connecting the IED to a PC
  387
- Installing the Configurator
  388
- Starting the Configurator
  388
- Figure 182: Connection Using (A) an Ethernet Switch and (B) a Media Converter
  388
- PRP/HSR Device Identification
  389
- Selecting the Device Mode
  389
- PRP/HSR IP Address Configuration
  389
- SNTP IP Address Configuration
  389
- Check for Connected Equipment
  389
- PRP Configuration
  389
- HSR Configuration
  390
- Filtering Database
  390
- End of Session
  391
- RSTP Configurator
  391
- Connecting the IED to a PC
  391
- Installing the Configurator
  392
- Starting the Configurator
  392
- RSTP Device Identification
  392
- Figure 183: Connection Using (A) an Ethernet Switch and (B) a Media Converter
  392
- RSTP IP Address Configuration
  393
- SNTP IP Address Configuration
  393
- Check for Connected Equipment
  393
- RSTP Configuration
  393
- End of Session
  394
- Switch Manager
  394
- Installation
  395
- Setup
  396
- Network Setup
  396
- Bandwidth Used
  396
- Reset Counters
  396
- Check for Connected Equipment
  396
- Mirroring Function
  397
- Ports On/Off
  397
- Vlan
  397
- End of Session
  397
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

398
- SNMP Management Information Bases
  398
- Main Processor MIBS Structure
  398
- Redundant Ethernet Board MIB Structure
  399
- Accessing the MIB
  403
- Main Processor SNMP Configuration
  403
Data Protocols

405
- Courier
  405
- Physical Connection and Link Layer
  405
- Courier Database
  406
- Settings Categories
  406
- Setting Changes
  406
- Event Extraction
  406
- Disturbance Record Extraction
  408
- Programmable Scheme Logic Settings
  408
- Time Synchronisation
  408
- Courier Configuration
  409
- Physical Connection and Link Layer
  410
- Iec 60870-5-103
  410
- Initialisation
  411
- Time Synchronisation
  411
- Spontaneous Events
  411
- General Interrogation (GI)
  411
- Cyclic Measurements
  411
- Commands
  411
- Test Mode
  412
- Disturbance Records
  412
- Command/Monitor Blocking
  412
- IEC 60870-5-103 Configuration
  412
- Dnp
  413
- Physical Connection and Link Layer
  414
- Object 1 Binary Inputs
  414
- Object 10 Binary Outputs
  414
- Object 20 Binary Counters
  415
- Object 30 Analogue Input
  415
- Figure 184: Control Input Behaviour
  415
- Object 40 Analogue Output
  416
- Object 50 Time Synchronisation
  416
- DNP3 Device Profile
  416
- DNP3 Configuration
  424
- Iec 61850
  425
- Benefits of IEC 61850
  426
- IEC 61850 Interoperability
  426
- The IEC 61850 Data Model
  426
- IEC 61850 in Micom Ieds
  427
- Figure 185: Data Model Layers in IEC61850
  427
- IEC 61850 Data Model Implementation
  428
- IEC 61850 Communication Services Implementation
  428
- IEC 61850 Peer-To-Peer (GOOSE) Communications
  428
- Mapping GOOSE Messages to Virtual Inputs
  428
- Ethernet Functionality
  429
- IEC 61850 Configuration
  429
- Iec 61850 Edition 2
  430
- Figure 186: Edition 2 System - Backward Compatibility
  431
- Figure 187: Edition 1 System - Forward Compatibility Issues
  431
- Figure 188: Example of Standby IED
  432
- Figure 189: Standby IED Activation Process
  433
Read Only Mode

434
- Courier Protocol Blocking
  434
- IEC 61850 Protocol Blocking
  435
- Read-Only Settings
  435
- Read-Only DDB Signals
  435
Time Synchronisation

436
- Demodulated IRIG-B
  436
- Figure 190: GPS Satellite Timing Signal
  436
- IRIG-B Implementation
  437
- Sntp
  437
- Loss of SNTP Server Signal Alarm
  437
- IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol
  437
- Accuracy and Delay Calculation
  437
- PTP Domains
  438
- Time Synchronsiation Using the Communication Protocols
  438
- Figure 191: Timing Error Using Ring or Line Topology
  438
Chapter 18 Cyber-Security

439
Overview

441
The Need for Cyber-Security

442
Standards

443
- NERC Compliance
  443
- Cip 002
  444
- Cip 007
  445
- Ieee 1686-2007
  445
Cyber-Security Implementation

447
- NERC-Compliant Display
  447
- Four-Level Access
  448
- Figure 192: Default Display Navigation
  448
- Blank Passwords
  449
- Password Rules
  449
- Access Level Ddbs
  450
- Enhanced Password Security
  450
- Password Strengthening
  450
- Password Validation
  450
- Password Blocking
  451
- Password Recovery
  452
- Password Encryption
  453
- Disabling Physical Ports
  453
- Disabling Logical Ports
  453
- Security Events Management
  454
- Logging out
  456
Chapter 19 Installation

457
Chapter Overview

459
Handling the Goods

460
- Receipt of the Goods
  460
- Unpacking the Goods
  460
- Storing the Goods
  460
- Dismantling the Goods
  460
Mounting the Device

461
- Flush Panel Mounting
  461
- Figure 193: Location of Battery Isolation Strip
  461
- Rack Mounting
  462
- Figure 194: Rack Mounting of Products
  462
Cables and Connectors

464
- Terminal Blocks
  464
- Figure 195: Terminal Block Types
  464
- Power Supply Connections
  465
- Earth Connnection
  465
- Current Transformers
  465
- Voltage Transformer Connections
  466
- Watchdog Connections
  466
- EIA(RS)485 and K-Bus Connections
  466
- IRIG-B Connection
  466
- Opto-Input Connections
  466
- Output Relay Connections
  466
- Ethernet Metallic Connections
  467
- Ethernet Fibre Connections
  467
- RS232 Connection
  467
- Download/Monitor Port
  467
- GPS Fibre Connection
  467
- Fibre Communication Connections
  467
Case Dimensions

468
- Case Dimensions 40TE
  468
- Figure 196: 40TE Case Dimensions
  468
- Case Dimensions 60TE
  469
- Figure 197: 60TE Case Dimensions
  469
- Case Dimensions 80TE
  470
- Figure 198: 80TE Case Dimensions
  470
Chapter 20 Commissioning Instructions

471
Chapter Overview

473
General Guidelines

474
Commissioning Test Menu

475
- Opto I/P Status Cell (Opto-Input Status)
  475
- Relay O/P Status Cell (Relay Output Status)
  475
- Test Port Status Cell
  475
- Monitor Bit 1 to 8 Cells
  475
- Test Mode Cell
  476
- Test Pattern Cell
  476
- Contact Test Cell
  476
- Test Leds Cell
  476
- Test Autoreclose Cell
  476
- Static Test Mode
  477
- Loopback Mode
  477
- IM64 Test Pattern
  478
- IM64 Test Mode
  478
- Red and Green LED Status Cells
  478
- Using a Monitor Port Test Box
  478
Commissioning Equipment

479
Product Checks

481
- Product Checks with the IED De-Energised
  481
- Visual Inspection
  482
- Current Transformer Shorting Contacts
  482
- Insulation
  482
- External Wiring
  482
- Watchdog Contacts
  483
- Power Supply
  483
- Product Checks with the IED Energised
  483
- Test LCD
  484
- Date and Time
  484
- Test Leds
  485
- Test Alarm and Out-Of-Service Leds
  485
- Test Trip LED
  485
- Test User-Programmable Leds
  485
- Test Opto-Inputs
  485
- Test Output Relays
  485
- Test Serial Communication Port RP1
  486
- Figure 199: RP1 Physical Connection
  486
- Test Serial Communication Port RP2
  487
- Figure 200: Remote Communication Using K-Bus
  487
- Test Ethernet Communication
  488
- Secondary Injection Tests
  488
- Test Current Inputs
  488
- Test Voltage Inputs
  488
Electrical Intermicom Communication Loopback

490
- Setting up the Loopback
  490
- Loopback Test
  490
- Figure 201: Intermicom Loopback Testing
  490
- Intermicom Command Bits
  491
- Intermicom Channel Diagnostics
  491
- Simulating a Channel Failure
  491
Intermicom 64 Communication

492
- Checking the Interface
  492
- Setting up the Loopback
  492
- Loopback Test
  493
Setting Checks

494
IEC 61850 Edition 2 Testing

496
- Using IEC 61850 Edition 2 Test Modes
  496
- IED Test Mode Behaviour
  496
- Sampled Value Test Mode Behaviour
  496
- Simulated Input Behaviour
  497
- Testing Examples
  497
- Figure 202: Simulated Input Behaviour
  497
- Test Procedure for Real Values
  498
- Test Procedure for Simulated Values - no Plant
  498
- Figure 203: Test Example 1
  498
- Test Procedure for Simulated Values - with Plant
  499
- Figure 204: Test Example 2
  499
- Contact Test
  500
- Figure 205: Test Example 3
  500
Current Differential Protection

501
Protection Timing Checks

504
- Dependency Conditions
  504
- Overcurrent Check
  504
- Connecting the Test Circuit
  504
- Performing the Test
  505
- Check the Operating Time
  505
System Check and Check Synchronism

506
- Check Synchronism Pass
  506
- Check Synchronism Fail
  506
Check Trip and Autoreclose Cycle

507
End-To-End Communication Tests

508
- Remove Local Loopbacks
  508
- Restoring Direct Fibre Connections
  508
- Restoring C37.94 Fibre Connections
  509
- Remove Remote Loopbacks
  509
- Verify Communication between Ieds
  509
Onload Checks

510
- Confirm Voltage Connections
  510
- Confirm Current Connections
  510
- Measure Capacitive Charging Current
  511
- Check Differential Current
  511
- Check Current Transformer Polarity
  511
- On-Load Directional Test
  511
Final Checks

512
Chapter 21 Maintenance and Troubleshooting

513
Chapter Overview

515
Maintenance

516
- Maintenance Checks
  516
- Alarms
  516
- Opto-Isolators
  516
- Output Relays
  516
- Measurement Accuracy
  516
- Replacing the Device
  517
- Repairing the Device
  518
- Removing the Front Panel
  518
- Figure 207: Possible Terminal Block Types
  518
- Replacing Pcbs
  519
- Replacing the Main Processor Board
  519
- Replacement of Communications Boards
  520
- Figure 208: Front Panel Assembly
  520
- Replacement of the Input Module
  521
- Replacement of the Power Supply Board
  521
- Replacement of the I/O Boards
  522
- Recalibration
  522
- Changing the Battery
  522
- Post Modification Tests
  523
- Battery Disposal
  523
- Cleaning
  523
Troubleshooting

524
- Self-Diagnostic Software
  524
- Power-Up Errors
  524
- Error Message or Code on Power-Up
  524
- Out of Service LED on at Power-Up
  525
- Error Code During Operation
  526
- Backup Battery
  526
- Mal-Operation During Testing
  526
- Failure of Output Contacts
  526
- Failure of Opto-Inputs
  526
- Incorrect Analogue Signals
  527
- Coprocessor Board Failures
  527
- Signalling Failure Alarm (on Its Own)
  527
- C Diff Failure Alarm (on Its Own)
  527
- Signalling Failure and C Diff Failure Alarms Together
  527
- Incompatible IED
  527
- Comms Changed
  527
- IEEE C37.94 Fail
  528
- PSL Editor Troubleshooting
  528
- Diagram Reconstruction
  528
- PSL Version Check
  528
- Repair and Modification Procedure
  528
Chapter 22 Technical Specifications

531
Chapter Overview

533
Interfaces

534
- Front Serial Port
  534
- Download/Monitor Port
  534
- Rear Serial Port
  534
- Fibre Rear Serial Port
  534
- Optional Rear Serial Port (SK5)
  535
- IRIG-B (Demodulated)
  535
- IRIG-B (Modulated)
  535
- Rear Serial Port 2
  535
- Rear Ethernet Port Copper
  536
- Rear Ethernet Port Fibre
  536
- 100 Base Fx Receiver Characteristics
  536
- 100 Base Fx Transmitter Characteristics
  537
- PPS Port
  537
- Fibre Teleprotection Interface
  537
Protection Functions

538
Monitoring, Control and Supervision

542
- Voltage Transformer Supervision
  542
- Standard Current Transformer Supervision
  542
- Differential Current Transformer Supervision
  542
- CB State and Condition Monitoring
  542
- PSL Timers
  543
Measurements and Recording

544
- General
  544
- Disturbance Records
  544
- Event, Fault and Maintenance Records
  544
- Fault Locator
  544
Ratings

545
- AC Measuring Inputs
  545
- Current Transformer Inputs
  545
- Voltage Transformer Inputs
  545
- Auxiliary Supply Voltage
  545
- Nominal Burden
  546
- Power Supply Interruption
  546
- Battery Backup
  547
Input / Output Connections

548
- Isolated Digital Inputs
  548
- Nominal Pickup and Reset Thresholds
  548
- Standard Output Contacts
  548
- High Break Output Contacts
  549
- Watchdog Contacts
  549
Mechanical Specifications

550
- Physical Parameters
  550
- Enclosure Protection
  550
- Mechanical Robustness
  550
- Transit Packaging Performance
  550
Type Tests

551
- Insulation
  551
- Creepage Distances and Clearances
  551
- High Voltage (Dielectric) Withstand
  551
- Impulse Voltage Withstand Test
  551
Environmental Conditions

552
- Ambient Temperature Range
  552
- Temperature Endurance Test
  552
- Ambient Humidity Range
  552
- Corrosive Environments
  552
Electromagnetic Compatibility

553
Regulatory Compliance

556
- EMC Compliance: 2014/30/EU
  556
- LVD Compliance: 2014/35/EU
  556
- R&TTE Compliance: 2014/53/EU
  556
- UL/CUL Compliance
  556
- ATEX Compliance: 2014/34/EU
  556
Appendix A Ordering Options

559
Appendix B Settings and Signals

561

GE Categories

GE P4A Manuals

GE P4A Technical Manual (850 pages)

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter Overview

Foreword

Product Scope

Features and Functions

Logic Diagrams

Functional Overview

Chapter 2 Safety Information

Chapter Overview

Health and Safety

Symbols

Installation, Commissioning and Servicing

Decommissioning and Disposal

Regulatory Compliance

Chapter 3 Hardware Design

Chapter Overview

Hardware Architecture

Mechanical Implementation

Front Panel

Rear Panel

Boards and Modules

Chapter 4 Software Design

Chapter Overview

Sofware Design Overview

System Level Software

Platform Software

Protection and Control Functions

Chapter 5 Configuration

Chapter Overview

Settings Application Software

Using the HMI Panel

Line Parameters

Date and Time Configuration

Settings Group Selection

Chapter 6 Current Differential Protection

Chapter Overview

Current Differential Protection Principle

Charging Current Compensation

Synchronisation of Current Signals

CT Saturation

CT Compensation

Current Differential Intertripping

Stub Bus Differential Protection

Application Notes

Chapter 7 Autoreclose

Chapter Overview

Introduction to Autoreclose

Autoreclose Implementation

Autoreclose System Map

Logic Modules

Setting Guidelines

Chapter 8 CB Fail Protection

Chapter Overview

Circuit Breaker Fail Protection

Circuit Breaker Fail Implementation

Circuit Breaker Fail Logic

Application Notes

Chapter 9 Current Protection Functions

Chapter Overview

Phase Fault Overcurrent Protection

Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection

Earth Fault Protection

Sensitive Earth Fault Protection

High Impedance REF

Thermal Overload Protection

Broken Conductor Protection

Chapter 10 Voltage Protection Functions

Chapter Overview

Undervoltage Protection

Overvoltage Protection

Compensated Overvoltage

Residual Overvoltage Protection

Chapter 11 Frequency Protection Functions

Chapter Overview

Frequency Protection

Independent R.O.C.O.F Protection

Chapter 12 Monitoring and Control