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Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 - Aironet 1410 Wireless Bridge Deployment Manual

Outdoor deployment guide
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1400 Series Wireless Bridge Outdoor Deployment Guide
The purpose for this document is to cover 5 GHz Regulations, 1400 Series Wireless Bridge
Product, interference issues, installation guide, troubleshooting tips and added features. This guide
will help a Network IT professional, who has limited knowledge about RF, but desires to deploy
a wireless Bridge link. This document covers topics that one needs to understand to determine if
the wireless link will work, how to design it, how to install it, optimize the link, maintain and
troubleshoot it.
1 Introduction to Technology
The BR1400 Bridges are used to wirelessly connect two networks (usually in different buildings).
When two or more bridges are used, one bridge must be defined as the ROOT BRIDGE. Cisco
wireless bridges default to operation in root bridge mode. In any bridge domain (group of
connected bridges) there should exist only one Root Bridge. Other bridges must be configured to
operate in non-root mode. The NON-ROOT Bridge will initiate a link to the root bridge and all
bridges can subsequently transmit data.
Longer ranges can be activated with appropriate selection of antennas and clear line of sight. It
should be noted that only bridges have this extended range capability. The extended range is
achieved by stretching the timing parameters set forth in the IEEE 802.11 specifications. The
802.11 specification was based on a presumption that a wireless LAN communication link
(keeping in mind this is defining a LOCAL Area Network) would be not more than 1000 feet.
Therefore distances for Access Point to client communication are limited to approximately one-mile
range for quality performance; irrespective of transmit power, cable, and antenna combinations.
This is due to timing restrictions in the 802.11 protocol which synchronize the timing of the
communications to support delays induced by the distance.
Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Summary of Contents for Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 - Aironet 1410 Wireless Bridge

  • Page 1 The BR1400 Bridges are used to wirelessly connect two networks (usually in different buildings). When two or more bridges are used, one bridge must be defined as the ROOT BRIDGE. Cisco wireless bridges default to operation in root bridge mode. In any bridge domain (group of connected bridges) there should exist only one Root Bridge.
  • Page 2 Typical Bridge application used to connect different buildings across a Figure 1. campus or a metro area Cisco Aironet Bridges support IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree and can therefore participate in complex Layer 2 network designs involving redundant or meshed links. 1.1 Channels and Data Rates IEEE 802.11a defines requirements for a PHY operating in the 5.0 GHz Unlicensed National...
  • Page 3 As the EIRP is a measure of the power out of the antenna, the EIRP must include the antenna gain and the cable loss together with the power out of the transmitter. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 3 of 53...
  • Page 4 30dBm 36dBm Power 158mW UNII-1: Indoor Use, antenna must be fixed to the radio UNII-2: Indoor/Outdoor Use, fixed or remote antenna UNII-3: Primarily used for Outdoor Bridging Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 4 of 53...
  • Page 5 Wireless systems are certified as complete systems. In the US, the FCC requires that all antennas sold by a Wireless vendor be certified with the radio with which they are to be sold. Cisco Aironet systems are tested and certified for each country using Cisco Aironet components. If amplifiers or third party antennas are used, then it is likely the entire system must be recertified.
  • Page 6 2 BR1400 Wireless Bridge Product Introduction Cisco’s BR1400 Series, brings about one of the most flexible and feature rich bridging products Cisco has ever made. It was designed to deployed quick and easily in a multitude of different environments and for different purposes.

  • Page 7: Product Overview

    Enhanced Encryption Features like TKIP,MIC. Voice support for P2P configurations. Support for Cisco IP-based protocols like TCP, UDP, TFTP, FTP, ARP, ICMP, CDP, SNMP, RADIUS, TACACS, SNTP, Telnet and NTP. Network management support via three interfaces: SNMP, Web Interface, Telnet/CLI.
  • Page 8 Please refer to the documentation for BR1410 available on our website: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/wireless/ps5279/index.html Antennas for the BR1400 2.1.1.1 Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 8 of 53...
  • Page 9 2. A pair of 75 ohm F-type coaxial connectors for 100 baseT interface to the wireless bridge (ODU). 3. DC power connector interfaced to the power adapter. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 9 of 53...
  • Page 10 2. Universal AC input connector to be plugged into an AC power cord. 2.1.4 Grounding Block Grounding block (Cisco provided) should be installed inline with 75 ohm coax cables at the building entrance providing lightning protection. It has straight through F-connectors where the shield is connected to the body of the block.
  • Page 11 A VLAN has the same attributes as a physical LAN but permits you to group end stations together even if they are not located physically on the same subnet. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 11 of 53...
  • Page 12 The bridge supports only one infrastructure SSID. You should assign that SSID to the native VLAN. For more information, please consult the VLAN deployment Guide at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/wireless/ps430/prod_technical_reference09186a00801 444a1.html Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 12 of 53...
  • Page 13 2) Enable 802.1q trunking on the Bridges: Specify the VLAN-id X as the native VLAN on the root and non root bridges by going into the GUI services and clicking on VLAN. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 13 of 53...
  • Page 14 3) Mapping: Map the native VLAN to the Bridge SSID. For this use the GUI interface and go to Security and click on SSID Manager. Map the SSID to VLAN X. Screenshot for VLAN configuration Figure 10. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 14 of 53...
  • Page 15 QoS works even with packet concatenation enabled. The steps to configure QoS are: 1) First create a QoS policy. Go to services in GUI interface and define a policy. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 15 of 53...
  • Page 16 2) Apply the policy: You can apply the policy to the VLAN configured on the bridge. If you do not use VLANs on your network, you can apply your QoS policies to the bridge’s Ethernet and Radio ports. Screenshot for QoS configuration Figure 12. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 16 of 53...
  • Page 17 3.3 Security Security is a major part of any enterprise deployment and as such Cisco has spent quite a bit of time on ensuring the security of not only the wireless links as a whole but also the Bridge itself.
  • Page 18 LEAP requires a LEAP compliant Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server such as Cisco Secure ACS 2.6 (or later) to operate. LEAP is a mutual authentication scheme (of Client and Radius Server). The challenge-response mechanism uses the user’s password as the shared secret.
  • Page 19 5) Configure Non Root Bridges with a user-id/password (for example: non-root/non-root) for LEAP authentication to the root bridge using ACS. In GUI interface go to SSID manager in Security section to do this. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 19 of 53...
  • Page 20 (attenuate) the radio signal preventing such a link. Tip: Links through glass are not a preferred method but could work for very short links. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 20 of 53...
  • Page 21 It difficult to acquire and sometimes easy to lose a bridge link when attempting to transmit radio waves Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 21 of 53...
  • Page 22 FSL “Free Space Loss”. This variable is used in the Cisco outdoor Bridge range calculation utility to determine the maximum distance a Bridge link can go.

  • Page 23: Environmental Issues

    Tip: Cisco Outdoor Bridge Range Calculation Utility allows you to choose your Climate and Terrain allowing the program to compensate for any degradation in weather.
  • Page 24 Fresnel zone, Free Space Loss, antenna gain, cable loss, data rate, link distance, transmitter power, receiver sensitivity along with other variables that all play a role in determining how far your bridge link will go. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 24 of 53...
  • Page 25 Tip: Forget the math, calculating bridge links is easy as these variables are calculated with the simple to use Cisco Outdoor Bridge Range Calculation Utility that we will discuss later in this paper. Normally 60 % of the first Freznel zone clearance is recommended. So the above formula for 60% Freznel zone clearance can be expressed as: 0.60 F1= 43.3 x SQR (distance/4x Frequency in GHz)
  • Page 26 For longer range up to 12 miles at 54 Mbps or 23 miles at 9 Mbps the bridge could be ordered with the optional higher gain and slightly larger 28 dBi external dish antenna. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 26 of 53...
  • Page 27 Root. Using the Cisco 9 dBi Omni hub antenna on the Root Bridge in communication with a Non-Root sites using a 22.5 dBi integrated antenna a distance of 2 miles at 54 Mbps or 8 miles at 9 Mbps could be achieved.
  • Page 28 28 dBi dish antenna with a narrow beamwidth of only 5.7 degrees. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 28 of 53...
  • Page 29 The Cisco Outdoor Bridge Range Calculation Utility was written using Microsoft Excel so the user is able to see exactly how the calculations are performed. This utility supports Wireless Bridge links using Cisco 2.4 GHz (BR-350 Series Bridges) as well as the Cisco 5.7 GHz (BR-1410 Series Bridges).
  • Page 30 7. Cable Loss / Length – Cisco antennas at 5 GHz have 4.9 Ft of cable and are designed to connect directly to the 1400 Series Bridge. Should you wish to add to this cable length (not recommended) you can enter in the loss of the non-Cisco supplied cable as well as the length.

  • Page 31: Site Survey

    Tip: When power is not readily available a UPS could be used to temporarily power the Bridge Link for a short period of time to check the radio path. Before attempting a site survey, you should have already determined the following. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 31 of 53...
  • Page 32 There are many frequency bands which surround the UNII-3 band (5.725-5.825 GHz) used by the 1400 series wireless Bridge. Should you encounter severe interference, It may be necessary to Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 32 of 53...
  • Page 33 Another important feature within the 1400 Series Wireless Bridge is Programmable Clear Channel Assessment (CCA). CCA threshold can be used to decrease the receiver sensitivity Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 33 of 53...

  • Page 34: Installation Guide

    6 Installation Guide The Cisco Systems 1400 Series Wireless Bridge is designed to be installed in an outdoor environment, typically, on a tower or a tall building. Typical types of bridge installations are shown below.

  • Page 35: Identifying The Components

    LMR 400/600 cables. Tip: Cisco does not offer LMR-400 or LMR-600 cable with N-Type connectors to extend the distance from the bridge ODU to the antenna beyond the 4.9 ft (1.5 meter) pigtail distance, but these are very readily available from Third Party Sources.
  • Page 36 6. If a tower is used, will it handle the extra wind load and weight of the bridge? If you are using a tower please use a professional installer to climb the tower. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 36 of 53...
  • Page 37 The ODU can be mounted on a large or small Mast Pipe using the supplied Figure 32. bracket Optional Roof/Wall mount Kits is available. Figure 33. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 37 of 53...

  • Page 38: Routing The Cables

    An optional Roof/Wall mount kit is available - Cisco Part number AIR-ACCRWM1400 6.4 Routing the cables The shielded Dual RG-6 cables connect to the 1400 Series outdoor unit to the grounding block and then finally to the Power Injector. The Bridge comes with dual 50 and 20 Ft RG-6 cables.
  • Page 39 7. Telephone or cable TV ground. 8. If an older building is used and no plastic PVC is used, sometimes a cold water pipe (usually copper) can be used. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 39 of 53...
  • Page 40 The Station role of the bridge is “autoinstall” • The bridge assumes a non-root bridge role and is able to associate to another root bridge within 60 seconds after IOS is loaded Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 40 of 53...
  • Page 41 IP address. It is assumed that if the Root Bridge will be a DHCP server and will assign a new address. Tip: It is suggested that you check the Cisco website for later versions of firmware and review all documentation that came with the Bridge before installing the device.

  • Page 42: Configuring The Root Bridge

    Assuming you have a valid radio link the Bridges will now pass traffic. After you are done installing the Bridges and verified connectivity, don’t forget to setup security, SSID and other parameters. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 42 of 53...

  • Page 43: Distance Setting

    Antenna alignment can be accomplished using the lights on the BR-1400 unit or by measuring RSSI using a customer supplied voltmeter attached to the integrated BNC connector on the outdoor unit. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 43 of 53...
  • Page 44 Data being received from one port is rate and duplex adjusted and then forwarded to the appropriate interface. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 44 of 53...

  • Page 45: Coaxial Cables

    6.13.1 Recommended Practices for weatherproofing the RF connectors Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 45 of 53...
  • Page 46 Security: After you have verified connectivity and have completed your installation, always remember to enable security on your bridge link. The Cisco 1400 Series Bridge can support many types of encryption as well as IEEE 802.1x authentication and MAC address filtering. Cisco suggests that you consider using a Cisco Radius implementation or using 128 bit WEP enabling MIC and Per Packet Keying (TKIP).
  • Page 47 Note: the 1400 Series Bridge works in an integrated system environment, wherein the attached Cisco Switches or Routers, require aggregation protocols like Fast Ether Channel (FEC) and Port Aggregation Protocol (PagP), to make this happen. FEC and PagP are used to provide up to 100 Mbps of combined bandwidth.

  • Page 48: Installation And Alignment

    Fortunately this is an achievable figure with the types of antennas being used with the 1400 series system. Mutual Coupling Figure 40. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 48 of 53...
  • Page 49 Re-establish link1 by configuring the root (A) and non-root (C) bridges accordingly • Set the channel on bridge A 5745 MHz or 5765 MHz • Align bridge A and C by maximizing the RSSI v) Configure link2: Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 49 of 53...
  • Page 50 VLAN frames. 1400 Series Bridge also supports the 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) along with the Transparent Bridging. This Spanning Tree protocol can inter-operate with other 802.1q compatible STP (exists on Cisco Switches). STP is also used to provide link level redundancy for point-to-point bridge environments.
  • Page 51 The only reliable way to manage the 1400 bridges within PagP is to turn it off and route the traffic manually by configuring the switches properly. Appendix Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 51 of 53...
  • Page 52 18 Mbps -80 dBm 12 Mbps -81 dBm 9 Mbps -83 dBm 6 Mbps -83 dBm Max Receive Power: Operational Damage level Receiver Dynamic Range Delay Spread Tolerance Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 52 of 53...
  • Page 53 PER, 3 dB above min sensitivity) 54 Mbps 48 Mbps 36 Mbps 24 Mbps 18 Mbps 12 Mbps 9 Mbps 6 Mbps BR1400 Radio Specifications Table 6. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 53 of 53...

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