Page 1: Table Of Contents
Arithmetic Parameters and Program Jumps Program section repetition Valid for Control SINUMERIK 840D sl/840DE sl Tables SINUMERIK 840Di sl/840DiE sl SINUMERIK 840D powerline/840DE powerline SINUMERIK 840Di powerline/840DiE powerline Appendix SINUMERIK 810D powerline/810DE powerline Software Version NCU Systemsoftware für 840D sl/840DE sl NCU Systemsoftware für 840Di sl/DiE sl...
Page 2 Trademarks All names identified by ® are registered trademarks of the Siemens AG. The remaining trademarks in this publication may be trademarks whose use by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the owner.
Page 3: Preface
• Manufacturer/service documentation An overview of publications (updated monthly) indicating the language versions available can be found on the Internet at: http://www.siemens.com/motioncontrol Select the menu items "Support" → "Technical Documentation" → "Overview of Publications". The Internet version of DOConCD (DOConWEB) is available at: http://www.automation.siemens.com/doconweb...
Page 4 +49 180 5050 222 +86 1064 719 990 +1 423 262 2522 +49 180 5050 223 +86 1064 747 474 +1 423 262 2289 Internet http://www.siemens.com/automation/support-request E-Mail mailto:[email protected] Note Country telephone numbers for technical support are provided under the following Internet address: Enter http://www.siemens.com/automation/service&support...
Page 5 The EC Declaration of Conformity for the EMC Directive can be found/obtained from: • the internet: http://www.ad.siemens.de/csinfo under product/order no. 15257461 • the relevant branch office of the A&D MC group of Siemens AG. Export version The following functions are not available in the export version: Function...
Page 6 Preface Description Fundamentals This Programming Guide "Fundamentals" is intended for use by skilled machine operators with the appropriate expertise in drilling, milling and turning operations. Simple programming examples are used to explain the commands and statements which are also defined according to DIN 66025.
Page 7 Table of contents Preface ..............................3 Fundamental Geometrical Principles ....................... 13 Description of workpiece points ....................13 1.1.1 Workpiece coordinate systems ....................13 1.1.2 Definition of workpiece positions....................14 1.1.3 Polar coordinates .........................17 1.1.4 Absolute dimensions........................17 1.1.5 Incremental dimension.........................19 1.1.6 Plane designations........................21 Position of zero points........................22 Position of coordinate systems ....................24 1.3.1 Overview of various coordinate systems ..................24...
Page 8 Table of contents Positional Data............................77 General notes..........................77 3.1.1 Program dimensions ........................77 Absolute/relative dimensions ...................... 78 3.2.1 Absolute dimension (G90, X=AC) ....................78 3.2.2 Incremental dimensions (G91, X=IC)..................82 Absolute dimension for rotary axes (DC, ACP, ACN)..............86 Dimensions inch/metric, (G70/G700, G71/G710) ...............
Page 9 Table of contents 4.18 Tapping with compensating chuck (G63) ..................179 4.19 Stop with thread cutting (LFOF, LFON, LFTXT, LFWP, LFPOS) ..........181 4.19.1 Retraction for thread cutting (LFOF, LFON, LIFTFAST, DILF, ALF) .........181 4.19.2 Lifting on retraction (LFTXT, LFWP, LFPOS, POLF, POLFMASK; POLFMLIN).......183 4.20 Approaching a fixed point (G75) ....................186 4.21...
Page 10 Table of contents Feedrate for positioning axes/spindles (FA, FPR, FPRAON, FPRAOF) ........290 Percentage feedrate override (OVR, OVRA) ................293 Feedrate with handwheel override (FD, FDA) ................294 Percentage acceleration override (ACC option) ............... 298 Feedrate optimization for curved path sections (CFTCP, CFC, CFIN)........300 7.10 Spindle speed (S), direction of spindle rotation (M3, M4, M5)..........
Page 11 Table of contents 8.16.3 Delete additive offsets (DELDL)....................397 8.17 Special handling of tool offsets ....................398 8.17.1 Mirroring of tool lengths ......................400 8.17.2 Wear sign evaluation .........................401 8.17.3 Coordinate system of the active machining operation (TOWSTD/TOWMCS/TOWWCS/TOWBCS/TOWTCS/TOWKCS) ...........402 8.17.4 Tool length and plane change....................405 8.18 Tools with a relevant cutting edge length ..................406 Special functions............................
Page 12 Table of contents Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 13: Fundamental Geometrical Principles
Fundamental Geometrical Principles Description of workpiece points 1.1.1 Workpiece coordinate systems In order for the machine or control to operate with the specified positions, these data must be entered in a reference system that corresponds to the direction of motion of the axis slides. A coordinate system with the axes X, Y and Z is used for this purpose.
Page 14: Fundamental Geometrical Principles
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.1 Description of workpiece points Turning: DIN 66217 stipulates that machine tools must use right-handed, rectangular (Cartesian) coordinate systems. The workpiece zero (W) is the origin of the workpiece coordinate system. Sometimes it is advisable or even necessary to work with negative positional data. Positions to the left of the origin are prefixed by a negative sign (–).
Page 15 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.1 Description of workpiece points P1 corresponds to X100 Y50 P2 corresponds to X-50 Y100 P3 corresponds to X-105 Y-115 P4 corresponds to X70 Y-75 The workpiece positions are required only in one plane for turning. Points P1 to P4 are defined by the following coordinates: P1 corresponds to X25 Z-7.5 P2 corresponds to X40 Z-15 P3 corresponds to X40 Z-25...
Page 16 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.1 Description of workpiece points Example of turning positions Points P1 and P2 are defined by the following coordinates: P1 corresponds to X-20 Y-20 Z23 P2 corresponds to X13 Y-13 Z27 Example:Positions for milling To state the infeed depth, we need to specify a numerical value for the third coordinate (Z in this case).
Page 17: Polar Coordinates
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.1 Description of workpiece points 1.1.3 Polar coordinates The method used to date to specify points in the coordinate system is known as the "Cartesian coordinate" method. However, there is another way to specify coordinates, i.e., as so-called "polar coordinates". The polar coordinate method is useful only if a workpiece or part of a workpiece has radius and angle measurements.
Page 18 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.1 Description of workpiece points P1 corresponds to X20 Y35 P2 corresponds to X50 Y60 P3 corresponds to X70 Y20 Example of turning The positions for points P1 to P4 in absolute dimensions are as follows with reference to the zero point: P1 corresponds to X25 Z-7.5 P2 corresponds to X40 Z-15...
Page 19: Incremental Dimension
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.1 Description of workpiece points 1.1.5 Incremental dimension Production drawings are frequently encountered, however, where the dimensions refer not to the origin, but to another point on the workpiece. In order to avoid having to convert such dimensions, it is possible to specify them in incremental dimensions.
Page 20 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.1 Description of workpiece points Example of turning The positions for points P1 to P4 in incremental dimensions are as follows: G90 P1 corresponds to X25 Z-7.5 ;(with reference to the zero point) G91 P2 corresponds to X15 Z-7.5 ;(with reference to P1) G91 P3 corresponds to Z-10 ;(with reference to P2) G91 P4 corresponds to X20 Z-10 ;(with reference to P3) Note...
Page 21: Plane Designations
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.1 Description of workpiece points 1.1.6 Plane designations When programming, it is necessary to specify the working plane so that the control system can calculate the tool offset values correctly. The plane is also relevant to certain types of circular programming and polar coordinates.
Page 22: Position Of Zero Points
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.2 Position of zero points Working planes The working planes are specified as follows in the NC program with G17, G18 and G19: Level Designation Infeed direction Position of zero points The various origins (zero points) and reference positions are defined on the NC machine. They are reference points •...
Page 23 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.2 Position of zero points Turning: Reference points They are: Machine zero Blocking point. Can coincide with the workpiece zero point (only turning machines). Workpiece zero = Program zero Start point. Can be defined for each program. Start point of the first tool for machining.
Page 24: Position Of Coordinate Systems
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.3 Position of coordinate systems Position of coordinate systems 1.3.1 Overview of various coordinate systems We distinguish between the following coordinate systems: • The machine coordinate system with the machine zero M • The basic coordinate system (this can also be the workpiece coordinate system W) •...
Page 25: Machine Coordinate System
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.3 Position of coordinate systems Turning coordinate system: 1.3.2 Machine coordinate system The machine coordinate system comprises all the physically existing machine axes. Reference points and tool and pallet changing points (fixed machine points) are defined in the machine coordinate system.
Page 26 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.3 Position of coordinate systems Right-hand rule The orientation of the coordinate system relative to the machine depends on the machine type. The axis directions follow the so-called "three-finger rule" of the right hand (in accordance with DIN 66217). Seen from in front of the machine, the middle finger of the right hand points in the opposite direction to the infeed of the main spindle.
Page 27 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.3 Position of coordinate systems Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 28: Basic Coordinate System
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.3 Position of coordinate systems 1.3.3 Basic coordinate system The basic coordinate system is a Cartesian coordinate system, which is mirrored by kinematic transformation (for example, 5-axis transformation or by using Transmit with peripheral surfaces) onto the machine coordinate system. If there is no kinematic transformation, the basic coordinate system differs from the machine coordinate system only in terms of the axis designations.
Page 29 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.3 Position of coordinate systems Further determinations Zero offsets, scaling, etc., are always executed in the basic coordinate system. The coordinates also refer to the basic coordinate system when specifying the working field limitation. Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 30: Workpiece Coordinate System
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.3 Position of coordinate systems 1.3.4 Workpiece coordinate system The geometry of a workpiece is described in the workpiece coordinate system. In other words, the data in the NC program refer to the workpiece coordinate system. The workpiece coordinate system is always a Cartesian coordinate system and assigned to a specific workpiece.
Page 31: Frame System
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.3 Position of coordinate systems 1.3.5 Frame system The frame is a self-contained arithmetic rule that transforms one Cartesian coordinate system into another Cartesian coordinate system. It is a spatial description of the workpiece coordinate system The following components are available within a frame: •...
Page 32 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.3 Position of coordinate systems Mirroring of the Z axis Shifting and turning the workpiece coordinate system One way of machining inclined contours is to use appropriate fixtures to align the workpiece parallel to the machine axes..
Page 33: Assignment Of Workpiece Coordinate System To Machine Axes
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.3 Position of coordinate systems • Performing multi-side machining operations. The conventions for the working plane and the tool offsets must be observed – in accordance with the machine kinematics – for machining operations in inclined working planes.
Page 34: Current Workpiece Coordinate System
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.4 Axes 1.3.7 Current workpiece coordinate system Sometimes it is advisable or necessary to reposition and to rotate, mirror and/or scale the originally selected workpiece coordinate system within a program. The programmable frames can be used to reposition (rotate, mirror and/or scale) the current zero point at a suitable point in the workpiece coordinate system.
Page 35 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.4 Axes Behavior of programmed axis types Geometry, synchronized and positioning axes are programmed. • Path axes traverse with feedrate F in accordance with the programmed travel commands. • Synchronized axes traverse synchronously to path axes and take the same time to traverse as all path axes.
Page 36: Main Axes/Geometry Axes
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.4 Axes 1.4.1 Main axes/Geometry axes The main axes define a right-angled, right-handed coordinate system. Tool movements are programmed in this coordinate system. In NC technology, the main axes are called geometry axes. This term is also used in this Programming Guide.
Page 37: Special Axes
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.4 Axes 1.4.2 Special axes In contrast to the geometry axes, no geometrical relationship is defined between the special axes. Axis identifier In a turning machine with revolver magazine, for example, Turret position U, tailstock V Application examples Typical special axes are tool revolver axes, swivel table axes, swivel head axes, and loader axes.
Page 38: Channel Axes
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.4 Axes Axis identifier The axis identifiers can be set in the machine data. Standard identifiers: X1, Y1, Z1, A1, B1, C1, U1, V1 There are also standard axis identifiers that can always be used: AX1, AX2, ..., AXn 1.4.5 Channel axes Channel axes are all axes, which traverse in a channel.
Page 39: Synchronized Axes
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.4 Axes Programming A distinction is made between positioning axes with synchronization at the block end or over several blocks. Parameters POS axes: Block change occurs at the end of the block when all the path and positioning axes programmed in this block have reached their programmed end point.
Page 40: Command Axes
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.4 Axes 1.4.9 Command axes Command axes are started from synchronized actions in response to an event (command). They can be positioned, started, and stopped fully asynchronous to the parts program. An axis cannot be moved from the parts program and from synchronized actions simultaneously.
Page 41 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.4 Axes Prerequisite The participating NCUs, NCU1 and NCU2, must be connected by means of high-speed communication via the link module. References: /PHD/Configuring Manual NCU; NCU 571-573.2 Link Module The axis must be configured appropriately by machine data. The link axis option must be installed.
Page 42: Lead Link Axes
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.4 Axes 1.4.12 Lead link axes A leading link axis is one that is interpolated by one NCU and utilized by one or several other NCUs as the master axis for controlling slave axes. An axial position controller alarm is sent to all other NCUs, which are connected to the affected axis via a leading link axis.
Page 43 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.4 Axes Prerequisites • The dependent NCUs, i.e., NCU1 to NCUn (n equals max. of 8), must be interconnected via the link module for high-speed communication. References: /PHD/Configuring Manual NCU; NCU 571-573.2 Link Module • The axis must be configured appropriately by machine data. •...
Page 44: Coordinate Systems And Workpiece Machining
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.5 Coordinate systems and workpiece machining Coordinate systems and workpiece machining The relationship between travel commands of the programmed axis movements from the workpiece coordinates and the resulting machine movement is displayed. How you can determine the distance traveled taking into account all shifts and corrections is shown by reference to the path calculation.
Page 45 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.5 Coordinate systems and workpiece machining If a new zero offset and a new tool offset are programmed in a new program block, the following applies: • With absolute dimensioning: Distance = (absolute dimension P2 - absolute dimension P1) + (ZO P2 - ZO P1) + (TO P2 - TO P1).
Page 46 Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1.5 Coordinate systems and workpiece machining Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 47: Fundamental Principles Of Nc Programming
Fundamental Principles of NC Programming Structure and contents of an NC program Note DIN 66025 is the guideline for designing a parts program. An (NC/part) program consists of a sequence of NC blocks (see table below). Each data block represents one machining step. Instructions are written in the blocks in the form of words.
Page 48: Fundamental Principles Of
Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.1 Structure and contents of an NC program Punch tape format File names: File names can contain the characters 0...9, A...Z, a...z or _ and must not exceed 24 characters in total. File names must have a 3-character extension (_xxx). Data in punch tape format can be generated externally or processed with an editor.
Page 49: Language Elements Of The Programming Language
Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Language elements of the programming language Overview The language elements of the programming language are determined by • Character set with uppercase and lowercase letters and digits • Words with addresses and sequence of digits •...
Page 50 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Special characters Program start character (used only for writing programs on an external PC) For bracketing parameters or expressions For bracketing parameters or expressions For bracketing addresses or indexes For bracketing addresses or indexes...
Page 51 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language The address character of the word is usually a letter. The sequence of digits can contain a sign and decimal point. The sign always appears between the address letter and the sequence of digits.
Page 52: Positional Data
Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Word sequence in blocks In order to keep the block format as clear as possible, the words in a block should be arranged as follows: Example: N10 G… X… Y… Z… F… S… T… D… M… H… Address Meaning Address of block number...
Page 53 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Block number Main blocks are identified by a main block number. A main block number comprises the character ":" and a positive whole number (block number). The block number always appears at the start of a block.
Page 54 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language C=DC(...) Rotary axis variable C=ACP(...) C=ACN(...) CHR=... Chamfer the contour corner fixed D... Cutting edge number fixed F... Feed fixed FA[axis]=... or Axial feed fixed FA[spindle]=... or (only if spindle no. defined by variable) [SPI(spindle)]=...
Page 55 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Z... Axis variable Z=AC(...) Z=IC(...) AR+=... Opening angle variable AP=... Polar angle variable CR=... Circle radius variable RP=... Polar radius variable :... Main block fixed "fixed" These address names are available for a specific function. Machine manufacturer "variable"...
Page 56 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Example: ;No "=" required, 7 is a value, but the "=" character can ;also be used here ;Axis X4 ("=" required) X4=20 ;2 letters ("=" required) CR=7.3 ;Speed for 1st spindle 470 rpm S1=470 ;Spindle stop for 3rd spindle M3=5...
Page 57 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Fixed addresses The following addresses are set permanently: Address Meaning (default setting) Cutting edge number Feed Preparatory function Auxiliary function Subroutine call Miscellaneous (i.e., special) function Subblock Number of program runs Arithmetic variables Spindle speed Tool number...
Page 58 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Settable addresses Addresses can be defined either as an address letter (with numerical extension if necessary) or as freely selected identifiers. Note Variable addresses must be unique within the control, i.e., the same identifier name may not be used for different address types.
Page 59 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Operators/mathematical functions Operators and Meaning mathematical functions Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Notice: (type INT)/(type INT)=(type REAL); example: 3/4 = 0.75 Division, for variable types INT and REAL Notice: (type INT)DIV(type INT)=(type INT); example: 3 DIV 4 = 0 Modulo division (only for type INT) produces remainder of INT division;...
Page 60 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Comparison and logic operators Comparison and logic Meaning operators Equal to <> Not equal to > Greater than < Less than >= Greater than or equal to <= Less than or equal to Negation Exclusive OR...
Page 61 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Note A numeric extension must always be followed by one of the special characters "=", "(", "[", ")", "]", ",", or an operator, in order to distinguish an address name with numeric extension from an address letter with a value.
Page 62 Rules for allocating identifiers The following rules are provided in order to avoid identifier collisions: • All identifiers beginning with "CYCLE" or "_" are reserved for SIEMENS cycles. • All identifiers beginning with "CCS" are reserved for SIEMENS compile cycles.
Page 63 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language The data type permitted for the variable is determined when the variable is defined. The data type for system variables and predefined variables is fixed. Elementary variable types/data types are: Type Meaning Range of values...
Page 64 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Hexadecimal constants Constants can also be interpreted in hexadecimal format. The letters "A" to "F" stand for the digits 10 to 15. Hexadecimal constants are enclosed in single quotation marks and start with the letter "H", followed by the value in hexadecimal notation.
Page 65 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Blocks, which are to be skipped are marked with an oblique "/" in front of the block number. Several consecutive blocks can also be skipped. The statements in the skipped blocks are not executed;...
Page 66 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Note System and user variables can also be used in conditional jumps in order to control program execution. Jump destinations (labels) Labels can be defined to jump within a program. Label names are allocated with at least two and up to 32 characters (letters, digits, underscore).
Page 67 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.2 Language elements of the programming language Programming messages Messages can be programmed to provide the user with information about the current machining situation during program execution. A message in an NC program is generated when the message text is typed after keyword "MSG"...
Page 68 The valid range for alarm numbers is between 60,000 and 69,999, whereby 60,000 to 64,999 are reserved for SIEMENS cycles and 65,000 to 69,999 are available to the user. Note Alarms are always programmed in a separate block.
Page 69: Programming A Sample Workpiece
Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.3 Programming a sample workpiece Programming a sample workpiece The programming of the individual operation steps in the NC language generally represents only a small proportion of the work in the development of an NC program. Programming of the actual instructions should be preceded by the planning and preparation of the operation steps.
Page 70: First Programming Example For Milling Application
Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.4 First programming example for milling application • Create a machining plan Define all the machining processes in steps, e.g.: – Rapid traverse motions for positioning – Tool change – Retract to tool change point –...
Page 71: Second Programming Example For Milling Application
Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.5 Second programming example for milling application Example _MILL1_MPF ;MSG = Message output in an alarm line N10 MSG("THIS IS MY NC PROGRAM") ;Feed, spindle, tool, :10 F200 S900 T1 D2 M3 ;tool offset, spindle clockwise ;Rapid traverse to position N20 G0 X100 Y100 ;Rectangle with feed, straight line in X...
Page 72 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.5 Second programming example for milling application N070 SUPA G0 Z0 D0 M5 M9 ;********************Tool change******************** ;d = 1 inch facing tool N075 T2 M6 MSG ("Side machining") N080 G0 X-1 Y.25 S1200 M3 M8 N085 Z1 D1 N090 G1 Z-.5 F50 N095 G42 X.5 F30...
Page 73 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.5 Second programming example for milling application Dimension drawing of workpiece "The Raised Boss" (not to scale). Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 74: Programming Example For Turning Application
Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.6 Programming example for turning application Programming example for turning application Radius programming and tool radius compensation The sample program contains radius programming and tool radius compensation. Example %_N_1001_MPF ;Start point N5 G0 G53 X280 Z380 D0 ;Zero offset N10 TRANS X0 Z250 ;Speed limitation (G96)
Page 75 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.6 Programming example for turning application Machine manufacturer The MD settings must be defined correctly before the program can run on the machine. References: /FB1/Function Manual Basic Functions; Axes, Coordinate Systems,.. (K2) Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 76 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2.6 Programming example for turning application Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 77: Positional Data
Positional Data General notes 3.1.1 Program dimensions In this section you will find descriptions of the commands, with which you can directly program dimensions taken from a drawing. This has the advantage that no extensive calculations have to be made for NC programming. Note The commands described in this section stand in most cases at the start of a NC program.
Page 78: Absolute/Relative Dimensions
Positional Data 3.2 Absolute/relative dimensions • Absolute dimension, X=ACN(value) approaching the position in negative direction, only this value is set for the rotary axis, the range of which is set in the machine datum to 0...< 360°. • Incremental dimension, G91 modally effective applies for all axes in the block, until it is revoked by G90 in a following block.
Page 79 Positional Data 3.2 Absolute/relative dimensions Parameters Absolute reference dimension Axis identifiers of the axes to be traversed X Y Z Absolute dimensions non-modally effective Note The command G90 is modal. Generally G90 applies to all axes programmed in subsequent NC blocks. Example of milling The traverse paths are entered in absolute coordinates with reference to the workpiece zero.
Page 80 Positional Data 3.2 Absolute/relative dimensions Example of turning The traverse paths are entered in absolute coordinates with reference to the workpiece zero. For entering the circle center point coordinates I and J see circle interpolation G2/G3. ;Tool, spindle on clockwise N5 T1 D1 S2000 M3 ;Absolute dimensioning, rapid traverse N10 G0 G90 X11 Z1...
Page 81 Positional Data 3.2 Absolute/relative dimensions Turning: Note On conventional turning machines, it is standard practice to interpret incremental traversing blocks in the transverse axis as radius values, while diameter dimensions are valid for absolute coordinates. This conversion for G90 is performed using the commands DIAMON, DIAMOF or DIAM90.
Page 82: Incremental Dimensions (G91, X=Ic)
Positional Data 3.2 Absolute/relative dimensions 3.2.2 Incremental dimensions (G91, X=IC) Function With the G91 command or the non-modal statement IC, you determine the descriptive system for approaching individual axes from setpoints in incremental dimensions. You program how far the tool is to travel. Programming X=IC(...) Y=IC(...) Z=IC(...) Parameters...
Page 83 Positional Data 3.2 Absolute/relative dimensions ;Absolute dimensioning, rapid traverse to XYZ, tool, N10 G90 G0 X45 Y60 Z2 T1 S2000 M3 ;spindle on clockwise ;Tool infeed at feedrate N20 G1 Z-5 F500 ;Circle center point in incremental dimensions N30 G2 X20 Y35 I0 J-25) ;Retracting N40 G0 Z2 ;End of block...
Page 84 Positional Data 3.2 Absolute/relative dimensions Example without traversing through the active zero offset • G54 contains an offset of 25 in X • SD 42440: FRAME_OFFSET_INCR_PROG = 0 N10 G90 G0 G54 X100 ;Traverse X by 10 mm, the offset is N20 G1 G91 X10 ;not traversed ;Traverse to position X75, the offset...
Page 85 Positional Data 3.2 Absolute/relative dimensions Turning: Note On conventional turning machines it is standard practice to interpret incremental NC blocks in the transverse axis as radius values, while diameter dimensions are valid for absolute coordinates. This conversion for G91 is performed using the commands DIAMON, DIAMOF or DIAM90.
Page 86: Absolute Dimension For Rotary Axes (Dc, Acp, Acn)
Positional Data 3.3 Absolute dimension for rotary axes (DC, ACP, ACN) Absolute dimension for rotary axes (DC, ACP, ACN) With the above parameters you can define the desired approach strategy for positioning rotary axes. Programming A=DC(…) B=DC(…) C=DC(…) A=ACP(…) B=ACP(…) C=ACP(…) A=ACP(…) B=ACP(…) C=ACP(…) Parameters Axis identifier for rotary axis to be traversed...
Page 87 Positional Data 3.3 Absolute dimension for rotary axes (DC, ACP, ACN) ;Spindle in position control N10 SPOS=0 ;Absolute, infeed in rapid traverse N20 G90 G0 X-20 Y0 Z2 T1 ;Lower at feedrate N30 G1 Z-5 F500 ;The table rotates through 270° in N40 C=ACP(270) ;clockwise direction (positive), the tool ;mills a circular groove...
Page 88: Dimensions Inch/Metric, (G70/G700, G71/G710)
Positional Data 3.4 Dimensions inch/metric, (G70/G700, G71/G710) You can also use DC, ACP and ACN for spindle positioning from zero speed. Example: SPOS=DC(45) Dimensions inch/metric, (G70/G700, G71/G710) Function Depending on the dimensions in the production drawing, you can program workpiece geometries alternately in metric measurements and inches.
Page 89 Positional Data 3.4 Dimensions inch/metric, (G70/G700, G71/G710) Example of milling Change between metric and imperial input with basic setting metric (G70/G71). ;Basic setting metric N10 G0 G90 X20 Y30 Z2 S2000 M3 T1 ;At feedrate in Z [mm/min] N20 G1 Z-5 F500 N30 X90 ;Enter destination positions in inches, G70 N40 G70 X2.75 Y3.22...
Page 90 Positional Data 3.4 Dimensions inch/metric, (G70/G700, G71/G710) Note All other parameters such as feedrates, tool offsets or settable zero offsets are interpreted (when using G70/G71) in the default measuring system (MD 10240: SCALING_SYSTEM_IS_METRIC). The representation of system variables and machine data is also independent of the G70/G71 context.
Page 91: Special Turning Functions
Positional Data 3.5 Special turning functions Special turning functions 3.5.1 Dimensions for radius, diameter in the channel (DIAMON/OF, DIAM90) Function The free choice of diameter or radius dimensions allows you to program the dimensions straight from the engineering drawing without conversion. After powerup of •...
Page 92 Positional Data 3.5 Special turning functions Programming Channel-specific modal switchover between diametral and radius programming DIAMON DIAMOF DIAM90 Parameter Absolute dimensioning (G90) Incremental dimensioning Diameter/radius modal (G91) Diameter Diameter DIAMON Diameter Radius DIAM90 Radius Radius DIAMOF (For default setting, see machine manufacturer) Diameter values (DIAMON/DIAM90) Diameter values apply to the following data: •...
Page 93 Positional Data 3.5 Special turning functions Function In addition to channel-specific diameter programming, there is also the axis-specific diameter-programming function, which enables you to specify and display dimensions for one or more axes as diameter values. Dimensions can also be displayed simultaneously for several axes assigned to one channel. After powerup of •...
Page 94 Positional Data 3.5 Special turning functions Parameter Absolute dimensioning (G90) Incremental dimensioning Diametral/radius modal (G91) Diameter, axis-specific Diameter, axis-specific DIAMONA[axis] Diameter, axis-specific Radius, axis-specific DIAM90A[axis] Radius, axis-specific Radius, axis-specific DIAMOFA[axis] (For default setting, see machine manufacturer) The axis specified must have been assigned to the channel. Axis Permitted axis identifiers are as follows: Geometry-/channel-axis name or machine-axis name.
Page 95 Positional Data 3.5 Special turning functions ;X is the channel's transverse axis, axis-specific diameter programming is enabled for Y: ;Diameter programming for X active N10 G0 X0 Z0 DIAMON ;Channel-specific diameter programming deactivated N15 DIAMOF ;Axis-specific diameter programming activated for Y N20 DIAMONA[Y] ;Radius programming active for X N25 X200 Y100...
Page 96: Position Of Workpiece
Positional Data 3.5 Special turning functions 3.5.2 Position of workpiece Function While the machine zero is fixed, you can choose the position for the workpiece zero on the longitudinal axis. The workpiece zero is generally located on the front or rear side of the workpiece.
Page 97 Positional Data 3.5 Special turning functions Parameters Call for the position of the workpiece zero G54 to G599 or TRANS Machine zero Tool zero point Longitudinal axis Z axis Transverse axis X axis The two mutually perpendicular geometry axes are usually designated as follows: •...
Page 98: Zero Offset Frame
Positional Data 3.6 Zero offset frame, (G54 to G57, G505 to G599, G53, G500/SUPA) Zero offset frame, (G54 to G57, G505 to G599, G53, G500/SUPA) Function The settable zero offset relates the workpiece zero on all axes to the origin of the basic coordinate system.
Page 99 Positional Data 3.6 Zero offset frame, (G54 to G57, G505 to G599, G53, G500/SUPA) Programming Call-up G505 … G599 Switching off G500 SUPA G153 Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 100 Positional Data 3.6 Zero offset frame, (G54 to G57, G505 to G599, G53, G500/SUPA) Parameters Call the second to fifth settable zero offset/frame G54 to G57 Call the 6th to the 99th settable zero offset G505 ...G599 Non-modal deactivation of current settable zero offset and programmable zero offset G500=zero frame, default setting, G500...
Page 101 Positional Data 3.6 Zero offset frame, (G54 to G57, G505 to G599, G53, G500/SUPA) ;Approach N10 G0 G90 X10 Y10 F500 T1 ;Call the first zero offset, N20 G54 S1000 M3 ;spindle clockwise ;Run program, in this case as a subprogram N30 L47 ;Call the second zero offset N40 G55 G0 Z200...
Page 102 Positional Data 3.6 Zero offset frame, (G54 to G57, G505 to G599, G53, G500/SUPA) Switching on zero offset, G54 to G57 In the NC program, the zero offset is moved from the machine coordinate system to the workpiece coordinate system by executing one of the four commands G54 to G57. In the next NC block with a programmed movement, all of the positional parameters and thus the tool movements refer to the workpiece zero, which is now valid.
Page 103 Positional Data 3.6 Zero offset frame, (G54 to G57, G505 to G599, G53, G500/SUPA) Further settable zero offsets, G505 to G599 Command numbers G505 to G599 are available for this purpose. This enables you to create up to 100 settable zero offsets in total, in addition to the 4 default zero offsets G54 to G57, by using the machine data.
Page 104: Selection Of Working Plane (G17 To G19)
Positional Data 3.7 Selection of working plane (G17 to G19) Selection of working plane (G17 to G19) Function The specification of the working plane, in which the desired contour is to be machined also defines the following functions: • The plane for tool radius compensation. •...
Page 105 Positional Data 3.7 Selection of working plane (G17 to G19) Note In the default setting, G17 (X/Y plane) is defined for milling and G18 (Z/X plane) is defined for turning. When calling the tool path correction G41/G42 (see Section "Tool offsets"), the working plane must be defined so that the controller can correct the tool length and radius.
Page 106 Positional Data 3.7 Selection of working plane (G17 to G19) Description It is advisable to define the working plane G17 to G19 at the beginning of the program. In the default setting, the Z/X plane is preset for turning G18. Turning: For calculating the direction of rotation, the controller requires the specification of the working plane, refer to circular interpolation G2/G3.
Page 107 Positional Data 3.7 Selection of working plane (G17 to G19) Milling: Note The tool length components can be calculated according to the rotated working planes with the functions for "Tool length compensation for orientable tools". The offset plane is selected with CUT2D, CUT2DF. For further information on this and for the description of the available calculation methods, refer to Section "Tool offsets"...
Page 108: Working Area Limitation In Bcs (G25/G26, Walimon, Walimof)
Positional Data 3.8 Working area limitation in BCS (G25/G26, WALIMON, WALIMOF) Working area limitation in BCS (G25/G26, WALIMON, WALIMOF) Function G25/G26 limits the working area (working field, working space) in which the tool can traverse. The areas outside the working area limitations defined with G25/G26 are inhibited for any tool motion.
Page 109 Positional Data 3.8 Working area limitation in BCS (G25/G26, WALIMON, WALIMOF) Programming G25 X…Y…Z… Programming in a separate NC block G26 X…Y…Z… Programming in a separate NC block WALIMON WALIMOF Parameters Lower working area limitation, value assignment in the channel axes G25, X Y Z in the basic coordinate system Upper working area limitation, value assignment in the channel axes...
Page 110 Positional Data 3.8 Working area limitation in BCS (G25/G26, WALIMON, WALIMOF) Example of turning Using the working area limitation G25/26, the working area of a lathe is limited so that the surrounding devices and equipment - such as revolver, measuring station etc. - are protected against damage.
Page 111: Working Area Limitation In Wcs/Szs (Walcs0
Positional Data 3.9 Working area limitation in WCS/SZS (WALCS0 ... WALCS10) Note If transformations are active, then tool data are taken into consideration (tool length and tool radius) can deviate from the described behavior. References: /FB1/Function Manual, Basic Functions; Axis Monitoring, Protection Zones (A3), Chapter: "Monitoring the working area limitation"...
Page 112 Positional Data 3.9 Working area limitation in WCS/SZS (WALCS0 ... WALCS10) Programming The "working area limitation in the "WCS/SZS" is activated by selecting a working area limitation group. G commands are used to make the selection: Activating working area limitation group No. 1 WALCS1 Activating working area limitation group No.
Page 113 Positional Data 3.9 Working area limitation in WCS/SZS (WALCS0 ... WALCS10) Example 3 axes are defined in the channel: X, Y and Z A working area limitation group No. 2 is to be defined and then activated in which the axes are to be limited in the WCS acc.
Page 114: Reference Point Approach (G74)
Positional Data 3.10 Reference point approach (G74) 3.10 Reference point approach (G74) Function When the machine has been powered up (where incremental position measuring systems are used), all of the axis slides must approach their reference mark. Only then can traversing movements be programmed.
Page 115: Motion Commands
Motion commands General notes In this section you will find a description of all the travel commands you can use to machine workpiece contours. These travel commands with the associated parameters enable you to program quite different workpiece contours for milling and also for turning. Travel commands for programmable workpiece contours The programmed workpiece contours are composed of straight lines and circular arcs.
Page 116: Motion Commands
Motion commands 4.1 General notes Tool prepositioning Before a machining process is started, you need to position the tool in such a way as to avoid any damage to the tool or workpiece. Start point - destination point The traversing movement always runs from the last approached position to the programmed destination position.
Page 117 Motion commands 4.1 General notes Number of motion blocks in turning: Caution An axis address can only be programmed once in each block. These commands can be programmed in Cartesian or polar coordinates. Synchronized axes, positioning axes and oscillation mode. Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 118: Travel Commands With Polar Coordinates, Polar Angle, Polar Radius
Motion commands 4.2 Travel commands with polar coordinates, polar angle, polar radius Travel commands with polar coordinates, polar angle, polar radius 4.2.1 Defining the pole (G110, G111, G112) Function The dimensioning starting point is called a pole. The pole can be specified in either Cartesian or polar coordinates (polar radius RP=...
Page 119 Motion commands 4.2 Travel commands with polar coordinates, polar angle, polar radius Parameters Polar programming relative to the last programmed setpoint position G110 Polar programming relative to origin of current workpiece coordinate G111 system Polar programming relative to the last valid pole G112 Coordinate identifiers of the axes to be traversed X Y Z...
Page 120 Motion commands 4.2 Travel commands with polar coordinates, polar angle, polar radius Example of defining a pole with G110, G111, G112 The statement of the pole in Cartesian G110(X,Y), G111(X,Y) G112(X,Y) or polar coordinates by stating G110, G111, G112 with polar angle AP= and polar radius RP=. Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 121: Traversing Commands With Polar Coordinates, (G0, G1, G2, G3 Ap
Motion commands 4.2 Travel commands with polar coordinates, polar angle, polar radius 4.2.2 Traversing commands with polar coordinates, (G0, G1, G2, G3 AP=..., RP=...) Function The polar coordinate method is useful only if a workpiece or part of a workpiece has radius and angle measurements.
Page 122 Motion commands 4.2 Travel commands with polar coordinates, polar angle, polar radius Parameters Rapid traverse movement Linear interpolation Circular interpolation clockwise Circular interpolation counter-clockwise Polar angle, value range ±0…360°, the polar angle can be defined both absolutely and incrementally. Polar radius in mm or inches always in absolute positive values. Absolute dimensioning =AC(...) Incremental dimensioning...
Page 123 Motion commands 4.2 Travel commands with polar coordinates, polar angle, polar radius ;… N120 L10 ;Retract tool, program end N130 G0 X300 Y200 Z100 M30 N90 AP=IC(72) ;… N100 L10 Example of cylinder coordinates The 3rd geometry axis, which lies perpendicular to the working plane, can also be specified in Cartesian coordinates.
Page 124 Motion commands 4.2 Travel commands with polar coordinates, polar angle, polar radius The polar angle can be defined both absolutely and incrementally. When incremental coordinates are entered (AP=IC…), the last angle programmed is taken as the reference. The polar angle is stored until a new pole is defined or the working plane is changed.
Page 125: Rapid Traverse Movement (G0, Rtlion, Rtliof)
Motion commands 4.3 Rapid traverse movement (G0, RTLION, RTLIOF) Rapid traverse movement (G0, RTLION, RTLIOF) Function You can use the rapid traverse movements to position the tool rapidly, to travel round the workpiece or to approach tool change locations. Non-linear interpolation is activated using RTLIOF parts program commands; linear interpolation is activated using RTLION.
Page 126 Motion commands 4.3 Rapid traverse movement (G0, RTLION, RTLIOF) Example of milling Start positions or tool change points, retracting the tool, etc., are approached with G0. ;Absolute dimensioning, spindle clockwise N10 G90 S400 M3 ;Approach start position N20 G0 X30 Y20 Z2 ;Tool infeed N30 G1 Z-5 F1000 ;Travel on straight line...
Page 127 Motion commands 4.3 Rapid traverse movement (G0, RTLION, RTLIOF) ;Absolute dimensioning, spindle clockwise N10 G90 S400 M3 ;Approach start position N20 G0 X25 Z5 ;Tool infeed N30 G1 G94 Z0 F1000 N40 G95 Z-7.5 F0.2 ;Travel on straight line N50 X60 Z-35 N60 Z-50 N70 G0 X62 ;Retract tool, program end...
Page 128 Motion commands 4.3 Rapid traverse movement (G0, RTLION, RTLIOF) Notice Since a different contour can be traversed in nonlinear interpolation mode, synchronized actions that refer to coordinates of the original path are not operative in some cases! Linear interpolation applies in the following cases: •...
Page 129: Linear Interpolation (G1)
Motion commands 4.4 Linear interpolation (G1) Linear interpolation (G1) Function With G1, the tool travels along straight lines that are parallel to the axis, inclined or in any orientation in space. Linear interpolation permits machining of 3D surfaces, grooves, etc. Milling: Programming G1 X…...
Page 130 Motion commands 4.4 Linear interpolation (G1) Note G1 is modal. The spindle speed S and the direction of spindle rotation M3/M4 must be specified for machining. FGROUP can be used to define groups of axes, to which the path feed F applies. You will find more information in the "Path behavior"...
Page 131: Circular Interpolation Types, (G2/G3, Cip, Ct)
Motion commands 4.5 Circular interpolation types, (G2/G3, CIP, CT) Example of turning ;Select working plane, spindle clockwise N10 G17 S400 M3 ;Approach start position N20 G0 X40 Y-6 Z2 ;Tool infeed N30 G1 Z-3 F40 ;Travel along inclined N40 X12 Y-20 ;straight line ;Retract to tool change point N50 G0 Z100 M30...
Page 132 Motion commands 4.5 Circular interpolation types, (G2/G3, CIP, CT) Programming G2/G3 X… Y… Z… Absolute center point and end point with reference to the I=AC(…) J=AC(…) K=AC(…) workpiece zero Center point in incremental dimensions with reference to G2/G3 X… Y… Z… I… J… K… the circle starting point Circle radius CR= and circle end position in Cartesian G2/G3 X…...
Page 133 Motion commands 4.5 Circular interpolation types, (G2/G3, CIP, CT) Example of milling The following program lines contain an example for each circular programming possibility. The necessary dimensions are shown in the production drawing on the right. ;Approach starting point N10 G0 G90 X133 Y44.48 S800 M3 ;Tool infeed N20 G17 G1 Z-5 F1000 ;Circle end point, center point in...
Page 134 Motion commands 4.5 Circular interpolation types, (G2/G3, CIP, CT) Example of turning N..N120 G0 X12 Z0 N125 G1 X40 Z-25 F0.2 ;Circle end point, center point in N130 G3 X70 Y-75 I-3.335 K-29.25 ;incremental dimensions ;Circle end point, center point in N130 G3 X70 Y-75 I=AC(33.33) K=AC(-54.25) ;absolute dimensions ;Circle end point, circle radius...
Page 135: Circular Interpolation With Center Point And End Point (G2/G3, I=, J=, K=Ac
Motion commands 4.6 Circular interpolation with center point and end point (G2/G3, I=, J=, K=AC...) Circular interpolation with center point and end point (G2/G3, I=, J=, K=AC...) Function Circular interpolation enables machining of full circles or arcs. The circular movement is described by: •...
Page 136 Motion commands 4.6 Circular interpolation with center point and end point (G2/G3, I=, J=, K=AC...) Note G2 and G3 are modal. The G90/G91 defaults for absolute or incremental dimensions are only valid for the circle end point. The center point coordinates I, J, K are normally entered in incremental dimensions with reference to the circle starting point.
Page 137 Motion commands 4.6 Circular interpolation with center point and end point (G2/G3, I=, J=, K=AC...) Examples for turning Incremental dimension N120 G0 X12 Z0 N125 G1 X40 Z-25 F0.2 N130 G3 X70 Z-75 I-3.335 K-29.25 N135 G1 Z-95 Absolute dimensions N120 G0 X12 Z0 N125 G1 X40 Z-25 F0.2 N130 G3 X70 Z-75 I=AC(33.33) K=AC(-54.25)
Page 138 Motion commands 4.6 Circular interpolation with center point and end point (G2/G3, I=, J=, K=AC...) Indication of working plane The control needs the working plane parameter (G17 to G19) in order to calculate the direction of rotation for the circle – G2 is clockwise or G3 is counterclockwise. It is advisable to specify the working plane generally.
Page 139: Circular Interpolation With Radius And End Point (G2/G3, Cr)
Motion commands 4.7 Circular interpolation with radius and end point (G2/G3, CR) Circular interpolation with radius and end point (G2/G3, CR) The circular movement is described by the: • Circle radius CR= and • the end point in Cartesian coordinates X, Y, Z. In addition to the circle radius, you must also specify the leading sign +/–...
Page 140 Motion commands 4.7 Circular interpolation with radius and end point (G2/G3, CR) N10 G0 X67.5 Y80.511 N20 G3 X17.203 Y38.029 CR=34.913 F500 Example of turning Programming a circle with radius and end point N125 G1 X40 Z-25 F0.2 N130 G3 X70 Z-75 CR=30 N135 G1 Z-95 Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 141: Circular Interpolation With Arc Angle And Center Point (G2/G3, Ar=)
Motion commands 4.8 Circular interpolation with arc angle and center point (G2/G3, AR=) Circular interpolation with arc angle and center point (G2/G3, AR=) The circular movement is described by: • The opening angle AR = and • the end point in Cartesian coordinates X, Y, Z or •...
Page 142 Motion commands 4.8 Circular interpolation with arc angle and center point (G2/G3, AR=) Example of milling Programming a circle with opening angle and center point or end point N10 G0 X67.5 Y80.211 N20 G3 X17.203 Y38.029 AR=140.134 F500 N20 G3 I–17.5 J–30.211 AR=140.134 F500 Example of turning 54.25 54.25...
Page 143: Circular Interpolation With Polar Coordinates (G2/G3, Ap=, Rp=)
Motion commands 4.9 Circular interpolation with polar coordinates (G2/G3, AP=, RP=) N130 G3 I-3.335 K-29.25 AR=135.944 N130 G3 I=AC(33.33) K=AC(-54.25) AR=135.944 N135 G1 Z-95 Circular interpolation with polar coordinates (G2/G3, AP=, RP=) The circular movement is described by: • The polar angle AP= •...
Page 144 Motion commands 4.9 Circular interpolation with polar coordinates (G2/G3, AP=, RP=) Example of milling Programming a circle with polar coordinates N10 G0 X67.5 Y80.211 N20 G111 X50 Y50 N30 G3 RP=34.913 AP=200.052 F500 Example of turning 54.25 54.25 Programming a circle with polar coordinates N125 G1 X40 Z-25 F0.2 N130 G111 X33.33 Z-54.25 N135 G3 RP=30 AP=142.326...
Page 145: Circular Interpolation With Intermediate And End Points (Cip)
Motion commands 4.10 Circular interpolation with intermediate and end points (CIP) 4.10 Circular interpolation with intermediate and end points (CIP) You can use CIP to program arcs. These arcs can also be inclined in space. In this case, you describe the intermediate and end points with three coordinates. The circular movement is described by: •...
Page 146 Motion commands 4.10 Circular interpolation with intermediate and end points (CIP) Note CIP is modal. Input in absolute and incremental dimensions The G90/G91 defaults for absolute or incremental dimensions are valid for the intermediate and circle end points. With G91, the circle starting point is used as the reference for the intermediate point and end point.
Page 147: Circular Interpolation With Tangential Transition (Ct)
Motion commands 4.11 Circular interpolation with tangential transition (CT) Example of turning N125 G1 X40 Z-25 F0.2 N130 CIP X70 Z-75 I1=IC(26.665) K1=IC(-29.25) N130 CIP X70 Z-75 I1=93.33 K1=-54.25 N135 G1 Z-95 4.11 Circular interpolation with tangential transition (CT) Function The Tangential transition function is an expansion of the circle programming.
Page 148 Motion commands 4.11 Circular interpolation with tangential transition (CT) Determining the direction of the tangent The direction of tangent at the start point of a CT block is determined from the end tangent of the programmed contour of the previous block with a traversing movement. Any number of blocks without traversing information may lie between this block and the current block.
Page 149 Motion commands 4.11 Circular interpolation with tangential transition (CT) Example of milling Milling a circular arc with CT following a straight line: N10 G0 X0 Y0 Z0 G90 T1 D1 ;Activate tool radius compensation (TRC) N20 G41 X30 Y30 G1 F1000 ;Program circle with tangential ;transition N30 CT X50 Y15 N40 X60 Y-5...
Page 150: Helical Interpolation (G2/G3, Turn=)
Motion commands 4.12 Helical interpolation (G2/G3, TURN=) N110 G1 X23.293 Z0 F10 N115 X40 Z-30 F0.2 ;Program circle with tangential ;transition N120 CT X58.146 Z-42 N125 G1 X70 Description In the case of splines, the tangential direction is defined by the straight line through the last two points.
Page 151 Motion commands 4.12 Helical interpolation (G2/G3, TURN=) In helical interpolation, two movements are superimposed and executed in parallel: • A horizontal circular movement, on which • a vertical linear movement is superimposed. Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 152 Motion commands 4.12 Helical interpolation (G2/G3, TURN=) Programming G2/G3 X… Y… Z… I… J… K… TURN= G2/G3 X… Y… Z… I… J… K… TURN= G2/G3 AR=… I… J… K… TURN= G2/G3 AR=… X… Y… Z… TURN= G2/G3 AP… RP=… TURN= Parameters Travel on a circular path in clockwise direction Travel on a circular path in counterclockwise direction...
Page 153 Motion commands 4.12 Helical interpolation (G2/G3, TURN=) Example ;Approach start position N10 G17 G0 X27.5 Y32.99 Z3 ;Tool infeed N20 G1 Z-5 F50 ;Helix with following parameters: Execute ;2 full N30 G3 X20 Y5 Z-20 I=AC(20) circles from start position, J=AC (20) TURN=2 ;then approach end point ;End of program...
Page 154 Motion commands 4.12 Helical interpolation (G2/G3, TURN=) Programming the end point for helical interpolation Please refer to circular interpolation for a detailed description of the interpolation parameters. Programmed feedrate For helical interpolation, it is advisable to specify a programmed feedrate override (CFC). You can use FGROUP to specify, which axes are to be traversed with a programmed feedrate.
Page 155: Involute Interpolation (Invcw, Invccw)
Motion commands 4.13 Involute interpolation (INVCW, INVCCW) 4.13 Involute interpolation (INVCW, INVCCW) Function The involute of the circle is a curve traced out from the end point on a "piece of string" unwinding from the curve. Involute interpolation allows trajectories along an involute. It takes place in the plane, in which the base circle is defined.
Page 156 Motion commands 4.13 Involute interpolation (INVCW, INVCCW) Parameters Travel on an involute in clockwise direction INVCW Travel on an involute path in counterclockwise direction INVCCW End point in Cartesian coordinates X Y Z Center point of base circle in Cartesian coordinates I J K Radius of base circle Opening angle (angle of rotation)
Page 157 Motion commands 4.13 Involute interpolation (INVCW, INVCCW) ;E. counterclockwise, end point, radius, N20 INVCCW X32.77 Y32.77 CR=5 I-10 J0 ;center point relative to start point ;Start point is end point from N20 N30 INVCW X10 Y0 CR=5 I-32.77 J-32.77 ;End point is start point from N20, ;radius, center point relative to new ;start point is equal to previous ;center point...
Page 158 Motion commands 4.13 Involute interpolation (INVCW, INVCCW) Options 1. and 2. are mutually exclusive. Only one of these notations may be used each block. Further information There are further options when the angle of rotation is programmed with AR. Two different involutes can be implemented (see diagram) by specifying the radius and center point of the base circle as well as the start point and direction of rotation (INVCW/INVCCW).
Page 159: Contour Definitions
Motion commands 4.14 Contour definitions 4.14 Contour definitions 4.14.1 Straight line with angle (X2... ANG...) Function The end point is defined through specification of • the angle ANG and • one of the two coordinates X2 or Z2. Programming X2… ANG… Parameters End point in Cartesian coordinates X or Z X2 or Z2...
Page 160: Two Straight Lines (Ang1, X3
Motion commands 4.14 Contour definitions Example ;Approach start position N10 X5 Z70 F1000 G18 ;Straight line with specified angle N20 X88.8 ANG=110 or (Z39.5 ANG=110) N30 ... 4.14.2 Two straight lines (ANG1, X3... Z3... ANG2) Function The intersection of the two straight lines can be designed as a corner, curve or chamfer. The end point of the first of the two straight lines can be programmed by defining the coordinates or specifying the angle.
Page 161: Three Straight Lines (Ang1, X3
Motion commands 4.14 Contour definitions Parameters Angle of the first straight line ANG1= Angle of the second straight line ANG2= Chamfer Start coordinates X1, Z1= Intersection of the two straight lines X2, Z2= End point of the second straight line X3=, Z3= Machine manufacturer The names for angle (ANG), radius (RND) and chamfer (CHR) can be set in MD, see...
Page 162 Motion commands 4.14 Contour definitions Programming ANG1… X3… Z3… ANG2… X4… Z4… X2… Z2… X3… Z3… X4… Z4… Parameters Angle of the first/second straight line relative to the abscissa ANG, ANG2= Chamfer Rounding Start coordinates of the first straight line X1, Z1 End point coordinates of the first straight line or starting point of the X2, Z2...
Page 163: End Point Programming With Angle
Motion commands 4.14 Contour definitions 4.14.4 End point programming with angle Function If the address letter A appears in an NC block, either none, one or both of the axes in the active plane may also be programmed. Number of programmed axes •...
Page 164: Thread Cutting With Constant Lead (G33)
Motion commands 4.15 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33) 4.15 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33) Function With G33 three types of thread • Cylinder thread • Face thread • Taper thread can be produced with single or multiple threads as right-hand or left-hand thread. Thread chains By programming several G33 blocks consecutively, you can align several sets of threads in a sequence.
Page 165 Motion commands 4.15 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33) Right-hand/left-hand threads Right-hand or left-hand threads are set according to the spindle direction: M3: Clockwise M4: CCW rotation Programming Cylinder thread G33 Z… K … SF=… Face thread G33 X… I… SF=… Taper thread G33 X…...
Page 166 Motion commands 4.15 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33) Lead angle >45°, thread lead in transverse direction I (taper thread) I or K can be stated at thread lead = 45° I... or K... Starting point offset, only needed for multiple threads Example of double cylinder thread with start point offset Machining a double cylindrical thread in offset steps with starting point offset 180°.
Page 167 Motion commands 4.15 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33) Example of taper thread with angle less than 45° Machining a taper thread ;Approach starting point, activate spindle N10 G1 X50 Z0 S500 F100 M3 ;Taper thread: End point on Z and X, N20 G33 X110 Z-60 K4 ;lead K in Z direction, since angle <...
Page 168 Motion commands 4.15 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33) Cylinder thread A cylinder thread is described by the thread length and thread lead. The thread length is entered in absolute or incremental dimensions with one of the Cartesian coordinates X, Y, or Z. The Z direction is preferred on turning machines. Allowance must also be made for the run-in and run-out paths, across which the feed is accelerated or decelerated.
Page 169 Motion commands 4.15 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33) Face thread The face thread is described by • Thread diameter, preferentially in X direction and • Thread lead, preferentially with I. Otherwise, the procedure is the same as for cylindrical threads. Taper thread The taper thread is described by the end point in the longitudinal and facing direction (taper contour) and the thread lead.
Page 170 Motion commands 4.15 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33) Start point offset SF - production of multi-turn threads Threads with offset cuts are programmed by specifying starting point offsets in the G33 block. The start point offset is specified as an absolute angle position at address SF=. The associated setting data is changed accordingly.
Page 171: Programmable Run-In And Run-Out Paths (Dits, Dite)
Motion commands 4.15 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33) Note If no starting point offset is specified, the "starting angle for thread" defined in the setting data is used. 4.15.1 Programmable run-in and run-out paths (DITS, DITE) Function The commands DITS (Displacement Thread Start) and DITE (Displacement Thread End) can be used to define the path ramp for acceleration and deceleration, in order to modify the feedrate if the tool run-in and run-out paths are too short: •...
Page 172 Motion commands 4.15 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33) Parameters Thread run-in path DITS Thread run-out path DITE Specification of the run-in and run-out path: -1.0,...n Value Note Only paths, and not positions, are programmed with DITS and DITE. Machine manufacturer The DITS and DITE commands are related to the setting data SD 42010: THREAD_RAMP_DISP[0,1], in which the programmed paths are written.
Page 173: Linear Progressive/Degressive Thread Pitch Change (G34, G35)
Motion commands 4.16 Linear progressive/degressive thread pitch change (G34, G35) Note DITE acts at the end of the thread as an approximate distance. This achieves a smooth change in the axis movement. When a block containing command DITS and/or DITE is loaded to the interpolator, the path programmed in DITS is transferred to SD 42010: THREAD_RAMP_DISP[0] and the path programmed in DITE to SD 42010 THREAD_RAMP_DISP[1].
Page 174 Motion commands 4.16 Linear progressive/degressive thread pitch change (G34, G35) Thread lead change (in mm/rev If you already know the initial and final lead of a thread, you can calculate the lead change to be programmed according to the following equation: F = ------------- [mm/rev The identifiers have the following meanings: Ke: thread lead of axis target point coordinate in [mm/rev]...
Page 175: Tapping Without Compensating Chuck (G331, G332)
Motion commands 4.17 Tapping without compensating chuck (G331, G332) 4.17 Tapping without compensating chuck (G331, G332) Function With G331/G332 you can rigid tap a thread. The spindle prepared for tapping can make the following movements in position-controlled operation with distance measuring system: •...
Page 176 Motion commands 4.17 Tapping without compensating chuck (G331, G332) Parameters Tapping. Tapping is described by the drilling depth (end point of the G331 thread) and the lead. Tapping retraction. This movement is described with the same lead as G332 the G331 movement. The reversal in the direction of the spindle is performed automatically.
Page 177 Motion commands 4.17 Tapping without compensating chuck (G331, G332) ;Gear stage 1 is engaged, as S500 (for example) is within N05 M40 S500 the range ; 20 to 1,028 rpm..;Position tool N55 SPOS=0 ;Produce thread, spindle speed is 800 rpm ;gear stage 1 N60 G331 Z-10 K5 S800 Note If gear stage 2 is selected at a spindle speed of 800 rpm, then the switching thresholds for...
Page 178 Motion commands 4.17 Tapping without compensating chuck (G331, G332) If no speed programmed, gear stage is monitored If no speed is programmed with G331, then the speed and gear stage last programmed will be used to produce the thread. In this case, monitoring is performed to check that the programmed speed is within the speed range defined by the maximum and minimum speed thresholds for the active gear stage.
Page 179: Tapping With Compensating Chuck (G63)
Motion commands 4.18 Tapping with compensating chuck (G63) 4.18 Tapping with compensating chuck (G63) Function You can use G63 to tap threads with compensating chuck. The following are programmed: • Drilling depth in Cartesian coordinates • Spindle speed and spindle direction •...
Page 180 Motion commands 4.18 Tapping with compensating chuck (G63) Parameters Tapping with compensating chuck. Drilling depth (end point) in a Cartesian coordinate X Y Z Note G63 is non-modal. The last programmed interpolation command G0, G1, G2, etc., is reactivated after a block with programmed G63.
Page 181: Stop With Thread Cutting (Lfof, Lfon, Lftxt, Lfwp, Lfpos)
Motion commands 4.19 Stop with thread cutting (LFOF, LFON, LFTXT, LFWP, LFPOS) Example 2 In this example, an M5 thread is to be drilled. The lead of an M5 thread is 0.8 (specified in table). With a selected speed of 200 rpm, the feed F is 160 mm/min. ;Approach starting point, activate spindle N10 G1 X0 Y0 Z2 S200 F1000 M3 ;Tap, drilling depth 50...
Page 182 Motion commands 4.19 Stop with thread cutting (LFOF, LFON, LFTXT, LFWP, LFPOS) Parameters Enable fast retraction for thread cutting (G33) LFON Disable fast retraction for thread cutting (G33) LFOF Fast retraction option acts with LFON in every retraction direction LIFTFAST Determine retraction path (length) DILF Define retraction direction for plane to be executed (LFTXT)
Page 183: Lifting On Retraction (Lftxt, Lfwp, Lfpos, Polf, Polfmask; Polfmlin)
Motion commands 4.19 Stop with thread cutting (LFOF, LFON, LFTXT, LFWP, LFPOS) Example of deactivating fast retraction before tapping. N55 M3 S500 G90 G0 X0 Z0 N87 MSG ("tapping") ;Deactivate fast retraction before ;tapping. N88 LFOF ;Tapping cycle with G33 N89 CYCLE...
Page 184 Motion commands 4.19 Stop with thread cutting (LFOF, LFON, LFTXT, LFWP, LFPOS) position. Axes can be enabled for independent retraction to axis position and to axis position with linear relation. Programming LFTXT LFWP LFPOS POLF[geo axis name | machine axis name]= POLFMASK(axisname1, axisname2, etc.) POLFMLIN Parameters...
Page 185 Motion commands 4.19 Stop with thread cutting (LFOF, LFON, LFTXT, LFWP, LFPOS) Example Here, the path interpolation of X is suppressed in the event of a stop and a motion executed to position POLF[X] at maximum velocity instead. The motion of the other axes continues to be determined by the programmed contour or the thread lead and spindle speed.
Page 186: Approaching A Fixed Point (G75)
Motion commands 4.20 Approaching a fixed point (G75) • G19: Y/Z plane ALF=1 Retraction in Y direction ALF=3 Retraction in Z direction Retraction velocity Retraction with maximum axis velocity. Can be configured via machine data. The maximum permissible acceleration/jerk values are used for traversing; they are configured via the machine data.
Page 187 Motion commands 4.20 Approaching a fixed point (G75) Machine axes to be traversed to the fixed point X1= Y1= Z1= Machine axis addresses X1, Y1 ... Here, you specify with value 0 the axes, with which the point is to be approached simultaneously.
Page 188: Travel To Fixed Stop (Fxs, Fxst, Fxsw)
Motion commands 4.21 Travel to fixed stop (FXS, FXST, FXSW) 4.21 Travel to fixed stop (FXS, FXST, FXSW) Function The "travel to fixed stop" (FXS = Fixed Stop) function can be used to build defined forces for clamping workpieces, such as those required for tailstocks, quills and grippers. The function can also be used for the approach of mechanical reference points.
Page 189 Motion commands 4.21 Travel to fixed stop (FXS, FXST, FXSW) Parameters Select/deselect "travel to fixed stop" function = select; 0 = deselect Setting clamping torque FXST Specification in % of maximum drive torque, parameter optional Window width for fixed stop monitoring in mm, inches or degrees; FXSW parameter optional Machine axis name...
Page 190 Motion commands 4.21 Travel to fixed stop (FXS, FXST, FXSW) Example of deactivating travel to fixed end stop FXS=0 Deselection of the function triggers a preprocessing stop. Traversing movements may and should be programmed in a block with FXS=0: X200 Y400 G01 G94 F2000 FXS[X1] = 0 Meaning: Axis X1 is retracted from the fixed stop to position X= 200 mm.
Page 191 Motion commands 4.21 Travel to fixed stop (FXS, FXST, FXSW) The "Travel to fixed stop" commands can be called from synchronized actions/technology cycles. They can be activated without initiation of a motion, the torque is limited instantaneously. As soon as the axis is moved via a setpoint, the limit stop monitor is activated.
Page 192 Motion commands 4.21 Travel to fixed stop (FXS, FXST, FXSW) Combinability Note "Measure and delete distance-to-go" ("MEAS" command) and "Travel to fixed stop" cannot be programmed in the same block. Exception: One function acts on a path axis and the other on a positioning axis or both act on positioning axes.
Page 193: Chamfer, Rounding (Chf, Chr, Rnd, Rndm, Frc, Frcm)
Motion commands 4.22 Chamfer, rounding (CHF, CHR, RND, RNDM, FRC, FRCM) 4.22 Chamfer, rounding (CHF, CHR, RND, RNDM, FRC, FRCM) Function You can insert the following elements at a contour corner: • Chamfer or • Rounding If you wish to round several contour corners sequentially by the same method, use command RNDM "Modal rounding".
Page 194 Motion commands 4.22 Chamfer, rounding (CHF, CHR, RND, RNDM, FRC, FRCM) Modal feedrate for chamfer/rounding FRCM=… Value = feedrate in mm/min (G94) or mm/rev (G95) =0: The feedrate programmed under F for the chamfer/rounding is active. Feed FRC (non-modal), FRCM (modal) To optimize surface quality, it is possible to program a separate feedrate for the chamfer/rounding contour elements.
Page 195 Motion commands 4.22 Chamfer, rounding (CHF, CHR, RND, RNDM, FRC, FRCM) Example of rounding, RND A circle contour element can be inserted with tangential link between the linear and the circle contours in any combination. N30 G1 X… Z… F… RND=2 The rounding is always in the plane activated with G17 to G19.
Page 196 Motion commands 4.22 Chamfer, rounding (CHF, CHR, RND, RNDM, FRC, FRCM) Example of modal rounding, RNDM Deburring sharp workpiece edges: N30 G1 X… Z… F… RNDM=2 ;modal rounding 2 mm N40... N120 RNDM=0 ;deactivate modal rounding Example of chamfer CHF, rounding FRCM of the following block MD CHFRND_MODE_MASK Bit0 = 0: Accept technology from following block (default) N10 G0 X0 Y0 G17 F100 G94 ;Chamfer N20-N30 with F=100 mm/min...
Page 197 Motion commands 4.22 Chamfer, rounding (CHF, CHR, RND, RNDM, FRC, FRCM) ;Modal rounding N130-N140 N130 Y50 ;at F=3 mm/rev N140 X60 Description Note Chamfer/rounding If the programmed values for chamfer (CHF/CHR) or rounding (RND/RNDM) are too large for the associated contour elements, then the chamfer or rounding are automatically reduced to a suitable value.
Page 198 Motion commands 4.22 Chamfer, rounding (CHF, CHR, RND, RNDM, FRC, FRCM) Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 199: Path Action
Path Action General notes 5.1.1 Programming path travel behavior In this section you will find descriptions of commands, with which you can adapt the travel behavior at the block boundaries optimally for special requirements. For instance, you can position axes quickly enough or correspondingly reduce path contours over several blocks taking into account an acceleration limit and the overload factor of the axes.
Page 200: Path Action
Path Action 5.1 General notes Functions for optimizing travel behavior at block boundaries The travel behavior at the block boundaries can be optimized with the following functions: • Setting exact stop to be modally and non-modally effective • Defining exact stop with additional exact stop windows •...
Page 201 Path Action 5.1 General notes Overview of the various velocity controls Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 202: Exact Stop (G60, G9, G601, G602, G603)
Path Action 5.2 Exact stop (G60, G9, G601, G602, G603) Exact stop (G60, G9, G601, G602, G603) Function The exact positioning stop functions are used to machine sharp outside corners or to finish inside corners to size. With the exact stop criteria exact stop window fine and exact stop window coarse, you determine how accurately the corner point is approached and when the change to the next block takes place.
Page 203 Path Action 5.2 Exact stop (G60, G9, G601, G602, G603) Example ;Exact stop window coarse N5 G602 ;Exact stop, modal N10 G0 G60 Z... ;G60 continues to act N20 X... Z... ;Exact stop window fine N50 G1 G601 ;Switching over to continuous-path mode N80 G64 Z...
Page 204 Path Action 5.2 Exact stop (G60, G9, G601, G602, G603) The block change is initiated when the control has calculated a set velocity of zero for the axes involved. At this point, the actual value lags behind by a proportionate factor depending on the dynamic response of the axes and the path velocity.
Page 205: Continuous-Path Mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644)
Path Action 5.3 Continuous-path mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644) Note Machine manufacturer A machine data item can be set for specific channels which determines that default exact stop criteria, which deviate from the programmed criteria, will be applied automatically. These are given priority over the programmed criteria in some cases.
Page 206 Path Action 5.3 Continuous-path mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644) Programming Notice In continuous-path mode, the programmed contour transitions are not approached exactly. If a rounding movement initiated by G641, G642, G643, G644 is interrupted, the corner point of the original contour will be used for subsequent repositioning (REPOS), rather than the interruption point.
Page 207 Path Action 5.3 Continuous-path mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644) Parameters Continuous-path mode Continuous-path mode with programmable transition rounding G641 Corner rounding with axial tolerance, with modal activated G642 Block-internal corner rounding G643 Corner rounding with greatest possible dynamic response G644 Rounding clearance for path functions G1, G2, G3, etc.
Page 208 Path Action 5.3 Continuous-path mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644) Example With this workpiece, the two outside corners at the groove are approached exactly. All other machining takes place in continuous-path mode. ;Radius as dimension N05DIAMOF ;Approach starting position, activate N10 G17 T1 G41 G0 X10 Y10 Z2 S300 M3 ;spindle, path compensation ;Tool infeed...
Page 209 Path Action 5.3 Continuous-path mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644) Continuous-path mode, G64 In continuous-path mode, the tool travels across tangential contour transitions with as constant a path velocity as possible (no deceleration at block boundaries). Look Ahead deceleration takes place before corners (G9) and blocks with exact stop ("Look Ahead", see following pages).
Page 210 Path Action 5.3 Continuous-path mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644) G641 also operates with "Look Ahead" predictive velocity control. Corner rounding blocks with a high degree of curvature are approached at reduced velocity. Continuous-path mode G64/G641 over several blocks The following points should be noted in order to prevent an undesired stop in the path motion (relief cutting): •...
Page 211 Path Action 5.3 Continuous-path mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644) Corner rounding with axial precision using G642 G642 activates corner rounding with modal axial tolerances. Smoothing is not made within a defined ADIS range, but the axial tolerances, defined with MD33100 $MA_COMPRESS_POS_TOL are maintained.
Page 212 Path Action 5.3 Continuous-path mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644) Corner rounding with greatest possible dynamic response in G644 Rounding with maximum possible speed is activated with G644 and configured with MD20480 $MC_SMOOTHING_MODE in the thousands place: Value Meaning Specifying the maximum axial deviation using MD33100 $MA_COMPRESS_POS_TOL Specify the maximum rounding travel by programming ADIS=...
Page 213 Path Action 5.3 Continuous-path mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644) • The rounding block would slow down parts program processing. This occurs when ... – A rounding block is inserted between very short blocks. Since each block requires at least one interpolation cycle, the added intermediate block would double the machining time.
Page 214 Path Action 5.3 Continuous-path mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644) Look Ahead speed control In continuous-path mode with G64 or G641, the control automatically detects the velocity control in advance for several NC blocks. This enables acceleration and deceleration across multiple blocks with almost tangential transitions.
Page 215: Acceleration Behavior
Path Action 5.4 Acceleration behavior Acceleration behavior 5.4.1 Acceleration response, BRISK, SOFT, DRIVE Function BRISK, BRISKA: The axis slides travel with maximum acceleration until the feedrate is reached. BRISK enables time-optimized machining, but with jumps in the acceleration curve. SOFT, SOFTA: The axis slides travel with constant acceleration until the feedrate is reached.
Page 216 Path Action 5.4 Acceleration behavior The acceleration pattern set in machine data $MA_POS_AND (axis1,axis2,…) JOG_JERK_ENABLE or $MA_ACCEL_TYPE_DRIVE is active for the programmed axes. Note A change between BRISK and SOFT causes a stop at the block transition. The acceleration pattern for the path axes can be defined in machine data. Apart from the path-related jerk limitation that is effective in the MDA and AUTO modes, there is the axis-related jerk limitation that can influence positioning axes and traversing axes in JOG mode.
Page 217: Influence Of Acceleration On Following Axes (Velolima, Acclima, Jerklima)
Path Action 5.4 Acceleration behavior Example of DRIVE, DRIVEA N05 DRIVE N10 G1 X… Y… F1000 N20 DRIVEA (AX4, AX6) 5.4.2 Influence of acceleration on following axes (VELOLIMA, ACCLIMA, JERKLIMA) Function The axis couplings described in the Programming Guide, Advanced: Tangential correction, coupled-motion axes, master value coupling, and electronic gear have the property of moving following axes/spindles as a function of one or more leading axes/spindles.
Page 218 Path Action 5.4 Acceleration behavior Parameters Change to limit for maximum velocity for following axis VELOLIMA[Ax], Change to limit for maximum acceleration for following axis ACCLIMA[Ax], Change to limit for maximum jerk for following axis JERKLIMA[Ax], Note JERLIMA[ax] is not available for all types of connection. Details about the function are described in: References: /FB3/Function Manual Special Functions;...
Page 219: Technology G Group (Dynnorm, Dynpos, Dynrough, Dynsemifin, Dynfinish)
Path Action 5.4 Acceleration behavior 5.4.3 Technology G group (DYNNORM, DYNPOS, DYNROUGH, DYNSEMIFIN, DYNFINISH) Function Using the "Technology" G group, the appropriate dynamic response can be activated for five varying technological machining steps. Machine manufacturer Dynamic values and G codes can be configured and are, therefore, dependent on machine data settings.
Page 220: Smoothing The Path Velocity
Path Action 5.5 Smoothing the path velocity Example Dynamic values by technology group G code ;Initial setting DYNNORM G1 X10 ;Positioning mode, tapping DYNPOS G1 X10 Y20 Z30 F… ;Roughing DYNROUGH G1 X10 Y20 Z30 F10000 ;Finishing DYNSEMIFIN G1 X10 Y20 Z30 F2000 ;Smooth-finishing DYNFINISH G1 X10 Y20 Z30 F1000 Write or read specific field element...
Page 221 Path Action 5.5 Smoothing the path velocity Parameter Machine manufacturer Limit values that can be configured in relation to (specially) adjustable parameters of the parts program, using machine data: • lengthening the machining time The machining time of the part program is specified as percentage. The actual lengthening is according to the worst case of all acceleration processes inside the part program and can even be zero.
Page 222: Traversing With Feedforward Control, Ffwon, Ffwof
Path Action 5.6 Traversing with feedforward control, FFWON, FFWOF Traversing with feedforward control, FFWON, FFWOF Function Using feedforward control the velocity-dependent overtravel in path traversing is reduced to zero. Traversing with feedforward control permits higher path accuracy and thus improved machining results.
Page 223: Contour Accuracy, Cprecon, Cprecof
Path Action 5.7 Contour accuracy, CPRECON, CPRECOF Contour accuracy, CPRECON, CPRECOF Function In machining operations without feedforward control (FFWON), errors may occur on curved contours as a result of velocity-related differences between setpoint and actual positions. The programmable contour accuracy function CPRECON makes it possible to store a maximum permissible contour violation in the NC program which must never be overshot.
Page 224: Dwell Time, Delay (G4, Wrtpr)
Path Action 5.8 Dwell time, delay (G4, WRTPR) Dwell time, delay (G4, WRTPR) Function You can use G4 to interrupt workpiece machining between two NC blocks for the programmed length of time, e.g., for relief cutting. The WRTPR command does not generate an executable block in continuous-path mode. Thus, it can be used to delay the machining job without interrupting continuous-path mode.
Page 225: Internal Preprocessing Stop
Path Action 5.9 Internal preprocessing stop Write to log immediately. A main-run block is generated, which affects the Parameter = 1 response in continuous-path mode. Note The words with F... and S... are used for time specifications only in the block with G4. Any previously programmed feed F and spindle speed S remain valid.
Page 226 Path Action 5.9 Internal preprocessing stop Example Machining should be stopped in block N50. N40 POSA[X]=100 ;Access to machine status data ($A...), the ;control generates N50 IF $AA_IM[X]==R100 GOTOF an internal preprocessing stop. MARKE1 N60 G0 Y100 N70 WAITP(X) N80 LABEL1: ;Feed and spindle speed remain effective N40 X...
Page 227: Frames
Frames General Function Frames are used to describe the position of a destination coordinate system by specifying coordinates or angles starting from the current workpiece coordinate system. Possible frames: • Basic frame (basic offset) • Settable frames (G54...G599) • Programmable frames Programming Frame is the conventional term for a geometrical expression that describes an arithmetic rule, such as translation, rotation and scaling or mirroring.
Page 228 Frames 6.1 General Param eters Machine manufacturer Settable frames (G54...G57, G505... G599): See machine manufacturer's specifications. Frame components for the programmer A frame can consist of the following arithmetic rules: • Zero point offset, TRANS, ATRANS • Rotation, ROT, AROT •...
Page 229: Frame Instructions
Frames 6.2 Frame instructions Example of frame components in turning Frame instructions Function For the possible frames the position of one of the target coordinate systems is defined: • Basic frame (basic offset) • Settable frames (G54...G599) • Programmable frames In addition to these frames, you can program replacing and additive statements or generate frames as well as frame rotations for tool orientation.
Page 230 Frames 6.2 Frame instructions Programming TRANS X… Y… Z… or ATRANS X… Y… Z… or G58 X… Y… Z… A… or G59 X… Y… Z… A… or ROT X… Y… Z… or ROT RPL=… or AROTX… Y… Z… or AROT RPL=… or ROTS X...
Page 231 Frames 6.2 Frame instructions Note This means that each of these instructions cancels all other previously programmed frame instructions. The last called settable zero offset G54 to G599 is used as the reference. Additive instructions ATRANS, AROT, ASCALE and AMIRROR are additive instructions. The currently set zero point or the last workpiece zero to be programmed with frame instructions is used as the reference.
Page 232: Programmable Zero Offset
Frames 6.3 Programmable zero offset Programmable zero offset 6.3.1 Zero offset (TRANS, ATRANS) Function TRANS/ATRANS can be used to program translations for all path and positioning axes in the direction of the specified axis. This allows you to work with different zero points, for example when performing recurring machining processes at different workpiece positions.
Page 233: Trans X
Frames 6.3 Programmable zero offset Turning: Deactivate programmable zero offset: For all axes: TRANS (without axis parameter) Programming TRANS X… Y… Z… (substituting instruction programmed in a separate NC block) ATRANS X… Y… Z… (additive instruction programmed in a separate NC block) Parameters Absolute zero offset, with reference to the currently valid workpiece zero TRANS...
Page 234 Frames 6.3 Programmable zero offset Example of milling With this workpiece, the illustrated shapes recur several times in the same program. The machining sequence for this shape is stored in a subprogram. You use the translation to set only those workpiece zeroes and then call up the subprogram. ;Working plane X/Y, workpiece zero N10 G1 G54 ;Approach starting point...
Page 235 Frames 6.3 Programmable zero offset Example of turning N..;Absolute offset N10 TRANS X0 Z150 ;Subprogram call N15 L20 ;Absolute offset N20 TRANS X0 Z140 (or ATRANS Z-10) ;Subprogram call N25 L20 ;Absolute offset N30 TRANS X0 Z130 (or ATRANS Z-10) ;Subprogram call N35 L20 N..
Page 236 Frames 6.3 Programmable zero offset Note You can use ATRANS to program a translation, which is to be added to existing frames. Additive instruction, ATRANS X Y Z Translation through the offset values programmed in the specified axis directions. The currently set or last programmed zero point is used as the reference.
Page 237: Axial Zero Offset (G58, G59)
Frames 6.3 Programmable zero offset Note Previously programmed frames are canceled. The settable zero offset remains programmed. 6.3.2 Axial zero offset (G58, G59) Function G58 and G59 allow translation components of the programmable zero offset (frame) to be replaced for specific axes. The translation function comprises: •...
Page 238 Frames 6.3 Programmable zero offset Parameters Replaces the absolute translation component of the programmable zero offset for the specified axis, but the programmed additive offset remains valid, (in relation to the workpiece zero set with G54 to G599) Replaces the absolute translation component of the programmable zero offset for the specified axis, but the programmed absolute offset remains valid Offset value in the direction of the specified geometry axis...
Page 239: Programmable Rotation (Rot, Arot, Rpl)
Frames 6.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) G58 X10 unchanged Overwrites absolute offset for X $P_PFRAME[X,TR] = 10 unchanged Progr. offset in X ATRANS X10 unchanged Fine (old) + 10 Additive offset for X G59 X10 unchanged Overwriting additive offset for X $P_PFRAME[X,FI] = 10 unchanged Progr.
Page 240 Frames 6.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) ROT RPL=… Substituting instruction for rotation in the plane AROTX… Y… Z… Additive instruction for rotation in space AROT RPL=… Additive instruction for rotation in the plane Each instruction must be programmed in a separate NC block. Parameters Absolute rotation with reference to the currently valid workpiece zero set ROT,...
Page 241 Frames 6.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) ;Subprogram call N60 L10 ;Absolute offset N70 TRANS X20 Y40 ; (cancels all previous offsets) ;Additive rotation through 60° N80 AROT RPL=60 ;Subprogram call N90 L10 ;Retraction N100 G0 X100 Y100 ;End of program N110 M30 Example: Rotation in space In this example, paraxial and inclined workpiece surfaces are to be machined in one setting.
Page 242 Frames 6.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) ;Working plane X/Y, workpiece zero N10 G17 G54 ;Subprogram call N20 L10 ;Absolute offset N30 TRANS X100 Z-100 ;Rotation of the coordinate system through Y N40 AROT Y90 AROT Y90 Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 243 Frames 6.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) ;Rotation of the coordinate system through Z N50 AROT Z90 AROT Z90 ;Subprogram call N60 L10 ;Retraction, end of program N70 G0 X300 Y100 M30 Rotation in the plane The coordinate system is •...
Page 244 Frames 6.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) Plane change Warning If you program a change of plane (G17 to G19) after a rotation, the angles of rotation programmed for the axes are retained and continue to apply in the new working plane. It is therefore advisable to deactivate the rotation before a change of plane.
Page 245 Frames 6.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) Substituting statement, ROT X Y Z The coordinate system is rotated through the programmed angle around the specified axes. The center of rotation is the last specified settable zero offset (G54 to G599). Caution The ROT command cancels all frame components of the previously activated programmable frame.
Page 246 Frames 6.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) Additive statement, AROT X Y Z Rotation through the angle values programmed in the axis direction parameters. The center of rotation is the currently set or last programmed zero point. Note For both statements, please note the order and direction of rotation, in which the rotations are performed (see next page)! Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 247 Frames 6.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) Direction of rotation The following is defined as the positive direction of rotation: The view in the direction of the positive coordinate axis and clockwise rotation. Order of rotation You can rotate up to three geometry axes simultaneously in one NC block. The order of the RPY notation or Euler angle, through which the rotations are performed can be defined in machine data.
Page 248 Frames 6.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) This order applies if the geometry axes are programmed in a single block. It also applies irrespective of the input sequence. If only two axes are to be rotated, the parameter for the 3rd axis (value zero) can be omitted.
Page 249 Frames 6.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) Value range with Euler angle The angles are defined uniquely only within the following value ranges: Rotation around 1st geometry axis: 0° ≤ X ≤ +180° Rotation around 2nd geometry axis: -180° ≤ Y ≤ +180° Rotation around 3rd geometry axis: -180°...
Page 250 Frames 6.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) Requirement: The tool must be positioned perpendicular to the working plane. The positive direction of the infeed axis points in the direction of the toolholder. Specifying CUT2DF activates the tool radius compensation in the rotated plane. For more information please refer to Section "2D Tool Compensation, CUT2D CUT2DF".
Page 251: Programmable Frame Rotations With Solid Angles (Rots, Arots, Crots)
Frames 6.5 Programmable frame rotations with solid angles (ROTS, AROTS, CROTS) Programmable frame rotations with solid angles (ROTS, AROTS, CROTS) Function Orientations in space can be specified by means of frame rotations with solid angles ROTS, AROTS, CROTS. Programming commands ROTS and AROTS behave analogously to ROT and AROT.
Page 252: Programmable Scale Factor (Scale, Ascale)
Frames 6.6 Programmable scale factor (SCALE, ASCALE) Parameters Frame rotations with solid angles for spatial orientation of a plane ROTS, absolute, referred to the currently valid frame with set workpiece zero for G54 to G599. Frame rotations with solid angles for spatial orientation of a plane AROTS, additive, referred to the currently valid frame with set or programmed zero point.
Page 253 Frames 6.6 Programmable scale factor (SCALE, ASCALE) Use zero offset and rotation to set each of the workpiece zeroes, reduce the contour with a scale and then call the subprogram up again. ;Working plane X/Y, workpiece zero N10 G17 G54 ;Absolute offset N20 TRANS X15 Y15 ;Machine large pocket...
Page 254 Frames 6.6 Programmable scale factor (SCALE, ASCALE) Additive instruction, ASCALE X Y Z You can program scale changes, which are to be added to existing frames by using the ASCALE command. In this case, the last valid scale factor is multiplied by the new one. The currently set or last programmed coordinate system is used as the reference for the scale change.
Page 255 Frames 6.6 Programmable scale factor (SCALE, ASCALE) Caution Please take great care when using different scale factors! Example: Circular interpolations can only be scaled using identical factors. You can, however, use different scale factors to program distorted circles, for example. Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 256: Programmable Mirroring (Mirror, Amirror)
Frames 6.7 Programmable mirroring (MIRROR, AMIRROR) Programmable mirroring (MIRROR, AMIRROR) Function MIRROR/AMIRROR can be used to mirror workpiece shapes on coordinate axes. All traversing movements, which are programmed after the mirror call, e.g., in the subprogram, are executed in the mirror image. Programming MIRROR X0 Y0 Z0 (substituting instruction programmed in a separate NC block) AMIRROR X0 Y0 Z0 (additive instruction programmed in a separate NC block)
Page 257 Frames 6.7 Programmable mirroring (MIRROR, AMIRROR) ;Machine first contour, top right N20 L10 ;Mirror X axis (the direction is changed in X) N30 MIRROR X0 ;Machine second contour, top left N40 L10 ;Mirror Y axis (the direction is changed in Y) N50 AMIRROR Y0 ;Machine third contour, bottom left N60 L10...
Page 258 Frames 6.7 Programmable mirroring (MIRROR, AMIRROR) Example: Working plane G17 X/Y The mirror (on the Y axis) requires a change of direction on X and is subsequently programmed with MIRROR X0. The contour is then mirrored on the opposite side of the mirror axis Y.
Page 259 Frames 6.7 Programmable mirroring (MIRROR, AMIRROR) Deactivate mirroring For all axes: MIRROR (without axis parameter) All frame components of the previously programmed frame are reset. Note The mirror command causes the control to automatically change the path compensation commands (G41/G42 or G42/G41) according to the new machining direction. The same applies to the direction of circle rotation (G2/G3 or G3/G2).
Page 260 Frames 6.7 Programmable mirroring (MIRROR, AMIRROR) Note If you program an additive rotation with AROT after MIRROR, you may have to work with reversed directions of rotation (positive/negative or negative/positive). Mirrors on the geometry axes are converted automatically by the control into rotations and, where appropriate, mirrors on the mirror axis specified in the machine data.
Page 261: Frame Generation According To Tool Orientation (Toframe, Torot, Parot)
Frames 6.8 Frame generation according to tool orientation (TOFRAME, TOROT, PAROT) Frame generation according to tool orientation (TOFRAME, TOROT, PAROT) Function TOFRAME generates a rectangular frame whose Z axis coincides with the current tool orientation. You can use this function to retract the tool after a tool breakage in a 5-axis program without collision, simply by retracting the Z axis.
Page 262 Frames 6.8 Frame generation according to tool orientation (TOFRAME, TOROT, PAROT) Programming Frame rotation in tool direction TOFRAME TOFRAMEZ or TOFRAMEY or Z/Y/X axis parallel to tool orientation TOFRAMEX Frame rotation in tool direction OFF TOROTOF Or frame rotation on with TOROT or TOROTZ or TOROTY Z/Y/X axis parallel to tool orientation or TOROTX...
Page 263 Frames 6.8 Frame generation according to tool orientation (TOFRAME, TOROT, PAROT) Turning operations in particular, and active G18 or G19 in general, require frames, with which the tool is aligned in the X or Y axis. A frame of this type can be defined with G codes •...
Page 264: Deselect Frame (G53, G153, Supa, G500)
Frames 6.9 Deselect frame (G53, G153, SUPA, G500) Secondary axis (ordinate) Note After tool orientation has been programmed with TOFRAME, all the programmed geometry axis movements refer to the frame generated by this programming. Note Separate system frame for TOFRAME or TOROT The frames resulting from TOFRAME or TOROT can be written in a separate system frame $P_TOOLFRAME.
Page 265: Deselect Drf (Handwheel) Offsets, Overlaid Motions (Drfof, Corrof)
Frames 6.10 Deselect DRF (handwheel) offsets, overlaid motions (DRFOF, CORROF) Deactivate coordinate transformation A distinction must be made here between non-modal suppression and modal deactivation. Programming G153 SUPA G500 Parameters Non-modal suppression: Deactivation of all programmable and settable frames Deactivation of all programmable, settable and basic frames G153 Deactivation of all programmable, settable frames, DRF handwheel offsets, SUPA...
Page 266 Frames 6.10 Deselect DRF (handwheel) offsets, overlaid motions (DRFOF, CORROF) For instance, if a particular axis with an overlaid motion or a position offset interpolates, the instruction CORRROF can be used to deactivate either the DRF offsets or the position offset for this axis.
Page 267 Frames 6.10 Deselect DRF (handwheel) offsets, overlaid motions (DRFOF, CORROF) Example of axial DRF deselection and $AA_OFF deselection A DRF offset is generated in the X axis by DRF handwheel traversal. No DRF offsets are operative for any other axes in the channel. ;A position offset == 10 is ;interpolated for the X axis N10 WHEN TRUE DO $AA_OFF[X] = 10 G4 F5...
Page 268 Frames 6.10 Deselect DRF (handwheel) offsets, overlaid motions (DRFOF, CORROF) Note CORROF is possible only from the parts program, not via synchronized actions. Alarm 21660 is output if a synchronized action is active when the position offset is deselected via parts program command CORROF(axis,"AA_OFF"). $AA_OFF is deselected simultaneously and not set again.
Page 269: Feedrate Control And Spindle Motion
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion Feedrate (G93, G94, G95 or F..., FGROUP, FGREF) Function You can use the above commands to set the feedrates in the NC program for all axes participating in the machining sequence. The path feedrate is generally composed of the individual speed components of all geometry axes participating in the movement and refers to the center point of the cutter or the tip of the turning tool.
Page 270: Feedrate Control And
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.1 Feedrate (G93, G94, G95 or F..., FGROUP, FGREF) Note The inverse-time feedrate 1/min G93 is not implemented for 802D. Programming G93 or G94 or G95 F… FGROUP (X, Y, Z, A, B, …) FL[axis]=… FGREF[axis name]=reference radius Parameters Inverse-time feedrate 1/rpm...
Page 271 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.1 Feedrate (G93, G94, G95 or F..., FGROUP, FGREF) Example of operating principle of FGROUP The following example illustrates the effect of FGROUP on the path and the path feedrate. The variable $AC_TIME contains the time from the start of the block in seconds. It can only be used in synchronized actions.
Page 272 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.1 Feedrate (G93, G94, G95 or F..., FGROUP, FGREF) Example of helical interpolation Path axes X and Y traverse with the programmed feedrate, the infeed axis Z is a synchronized axis. ;Tool infeed N10 G17 G94 G1 Z0 F500 ;Approach start position N20 X10 Y20 ;Axes X/Y are path axes, Z is a...
Page 273 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.1 Feedrate (G93, G94, G95 or F..., FGROUP, FGREF) Feedrate F for path axes The feedrate is specified with address F. Depending on the default setting in the machine data, the units of measurement specified with the G commands are either in mm or inch. One F value can be programmed per NC block.
Page 274 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.1 Feedrate (G93, G94, G95 or F..., FGROUP, FGREF) Caution The FGREF evaluation also works if only rotary axes are programmed in the block. The normal F value interpretation as degree/min applies in this case only if the radius reference corresponds to the FGREF default, when G71/G710: FGREF[A]=57.296 G70/G700: FGREF[A]=57.296/25.4...
Page 275 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.1 Feedrate (G93, G94, G95 or F..., FGROUP, FGREF) Note If the path lengths vary greatly from block to block, a new F value should be specified in each block with G93. The feedrate can also be specified in deg/rev when machining with rotary axes.
Page 276 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.1 Feedrate (G93, G94, G95 or F..., FGROUP, FGREF) Traverse rotary axes with path velocity F, FGREF For machining operations, in which the tool or the workpiece or both are moved by a rotary axis, the effective machining feedrate is to be interpreted as a path feed in the usual way by reference to the F value.
Page 277 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.1 Feedrate (G93, G94, G95 or F..., FGROUP, FGREF) Path reference factors for orientation axes with FGREF With orientation axes the mode of operation of the FGREF[ ] factors is dependent on whether the change in the orientation of the tool is implemented by rotary axis or vector interpolation.
Page 278: Traversing Positioning Axes (Pos, Posa, Posp, Fa, Waitp, Waitmc)
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.2 Traversing positioning axes (POS, POSA, POSP, FA, WAITP, WAITMC) Traversing positioning axes (POS, POSA, POSP, FA, WAITP, WAITMC) Function Positioning axes are traversed independently of the path axes at a separate, axis-specific feedrate. There are no interpolation commands. With the POS/POSA/POSP commands, the positioning axes are traversed and the sequence of motions coordinated at the same time.
Page 279 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.2 Traversing positioning axes (POS, POSA, POSP, FA, WAITP, WAITMC) Channel axes or geometry axes Axis An axis is only decelerated if the marker has not yet been reached or if Marker, , a different search criterion prevents the block change. Example of traveling with POSA[…]= On accessing status data of the machine ($A...), the control generates an internal preprocessing stop...
Page 280 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.2 Traversing positioning axes (POS, POSA, POSP, FA, WAITP, WAITMC) Traveling with POSA[…]= The axis indicated in square brackets is traversed to the end position. The block step enable or program execution is not affected by POSA. The movement to the end position can be performed during execution of subsequent NC blocks.
Page 281: Position-Controlled Spindle Operation (Spcon, Spcof)
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.3 Position-controlled spindle operation (SPCON, SPCOF) Position-controlled spindle operation (SPCON, SPCOF) Function In some cases, position-controlled operation of the spindle may be advisable, e.g., in conjunction with large-pitch thread cutting with G33, higher quality can be achieved. Note The command requires up to three interpolation cycles.
Page 282: Positioning Spindles (Spos, M19 And Sposa, Waits)
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.4 Positioning spindles (SPOS, M19 and SPOSA, WAITS) Positioning spindles (SPOS, M19 and SPOSA, WAITS) Function With SPOS, M19 and SPOSA, you can position spindles at specific angular positions, e.g., during tool change. In order to synchronize spindle movements, WAITS can be used to wait until the spindle position is reached.
Page 283 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.4 Positioning spindles (SPOS, M19 and SPOSA, WAITS) Programming SPOS=… or SPOS[n]=… M19 or M[n]=19 SPOSA=… or SPOSA[n]=… M70 or Mn=7 FINEA=… or FINEA[n]=… COARSEA=… or COARSEA[n]=… IPOENDA=… or IPOENDA[n]=… IPOBRKA=… or IPOBRKA(axis[,REAL]) (programmed in a separate NC block) WAITS or WAITS(n,m) (programmed in a separate NC block) Parameters Position master spindle (SPOS or SPOS[0]) or spindle number n...
Page 284 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.4 Positioning spindles (SPOS, M19 and SPOSA, WAITS) Wait for spindle position to be reached, spindle stop after M5, spindle WAITS speed after M3/M4 WAITS(n,m) WAITS applies to the master spindle, WAITS( ..., ...) for the specified spindle numbers Integers from 1 ...
Page 285 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.4 Positioning spindles (SPOS, M19 and SPOSA, WAITS) Example, spindle positioning in the axis mode N10 M3 S500 ;Position control on, spindle 2 positioned to 0, axis mode N90 SPOS[2]=0 or ;can be used in the next block. ;Spindle 2 is switched to axis mode M2=70 ;Spindle 2 (C axis) is traversed with linear interpolation...
Page 286 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.4 Positioning spindles (SPOS, M19 and SPOSA, WAITS) ..;Switch on cross drilling attachment N110 S2=1000 M2=3 ;Position main spindle directly at 0°, N120 SPOSA=DC(0) ;the program will advance to the next block immediately ;Switch on the drill while the spindle is being positioned N125 G0 X34 Z-35 ;Wait until the main spindle reaches its position N130 WAITS...
Page 287 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.4 Positioning spindles (SPOS, M19 and SPOSA, WAITS) moves onto the next block if all the functions (except for spindle) programmed in the current block have reached their block end criterion. The spindle positioning operation may be programmed over several blocks (see WAITS).
Page 288 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.4 Positioning spindles (SPOS, M19 and SPOSA, WAITS) End of positioning Programmable by means of the following commands: FINEA [Sn], COARSEA [Sn], IPOENDA [Sn]. Settable block change time For single axis interpolation mode, a new end of motion can be set in addition to the existing end of motion criteria based on FINEA, COARSEA, IPOENDA.The new criterion can be set within the braking ramp (100-0%) using IPOBRKA.
Page 289 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.4 Positioning spindles (SPOS, M19 and SPOSA, WAITS) There is no difference between DC and AC dimensioning. In both cases, rotation continues in the direction selected by M3/M4 until the absolute end position is reached. With ACN and ACP, deceleration takes place if necessary, and the appropriate approach direction is followed.
Page 290: Feedrate For Positioning Axes/Spindles (Fa, Fpr, Fpraon, Fpraof)
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.5 Feedrate for positioning axes/spindles (FA, FPR, FPRAON, FPRAOF) Feedrate for positioning axes/spindles (FA, FPR, FPRAON, FPRAOF) Function Positioning axes, such as workpiece transport systems, tool turrets and end supports, are traversed independently of the path and synchronized axes. A separate feedrate is therefore defined for each positioning axis.
Page 291 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.5 Feedrate for positioning axes/spindles (FA, FPR, FPRAON, FPRAOF) Converts the spindle number into an axis identifier; the transfer parameter must contain a valid spindle number. SPI is used for the indirect definition of a spindle number. Positioning axes or geometry axes Axis …999 999.999 mm/min, degree/min...
Page 292 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.5 Feedrate for positioning axes/spindles (FA, FPR, FPRAON, FPRAOF) Feedrate FPR[...] As an extension of the G95 command (revolutional feedrate referring to the master spindle), FPR allows the revolutional feedrate to be derived from any chosen spindle or rotary axis. G95 FPR(...) is valid for path and synchronized axes.
Page 293: Percentage Feedrate Override (Ovr, Ovra)
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.6 Percentage feedrate override (OVR, OVRA) Percentage feedrate override (OVR, OVRA) Function You can use the programmable feedrate override to change the velocity of path axes, positioning axes, and spindles via a command in the NC program. Programming OVR=…...
Page 294: Feedrate With Handwheel Override (Fd, Fda)
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.7 Feedrate with handwheel override (FD, FDA) Feedrate with handwheel override (FD, FDA) Function With these functions, you can use the handwheel to traverse path and positioning axes (position parameter) or change the axis velocities (speed override) during program execution.
Page 295 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.7 Feedrate with handwheel override (FD, FDA) Example Path specification: The grinding wheel oscillating in the Z direction is moved to the workpiece in the X direction using the handwheel. The operator can then adjust the position of the tool until the spark generation is constant. When "Delete distance-to-go"...
Page 296 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.7 Feedrate with handwheel override (FD, FDA) The feedrate is accelerated to 700 mm/min in block N50. The path velocity can be increased or reduced according to the direction of rotation on the handwheel. Note It is not possible to traverse in the opposite direction.
Page 297 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.7 Feedrate with handwheel override (FD, FDA) Handwheel travel with velocity overlay, FDA[axis]=... In NC blocks with programmed FDA[...], the feedrate from the last programmed FA value is accelerated or decelerated to the value programmed under FDA. Starting from the current feedrate FDA, you can turn the handwheel to accelerate the programmed movement to the target position or delay it to zero.
Page 298: Percentage Acceleration Override (Acc Option)
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.8 Percentage acceleration override (ACC option) Percentage acceleration override (ACC option) Function In critical program sections, it may be necessary to limit the acceleration to below the maximum values, e.g., to prevent mechanical vibrations from occurring. You can use the programmable acceleration override to change the acceleration for each path axis or spindle via a command in the NC program.
Page 299 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.8 Percentage acceleration override (ACC option) Example N50 ACC[X]=80 Meaning: Traverse the axis slide in the X direction with only 80% acceleration. N60 ACC[SPI(1)]=50 ACC[S1]=50 Meaning: Accelerate or decelerate spindle 1 with only 50% of the maximum acceleration. The spindle identifiers SPI(...) and S...
Page 300: Feedrate Optimization For Curved Path Sections (Cftcp, Cfc, Cfin)
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.9 Feedrate optimization for curved path sections (CFTCP, CFC, CFIN) Feedrate optimization for curved path sections (CFTCP, CFC, CFIN) Function The programmed feedrate initially refers to the cutter center path when the G41/G42 override is activated for the cutter radius (cf. chapter "Frames"). When you mill a circle –...
Page 301 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.9 Feedrate optimization for curved path sections (CFTCP, CFC, CFIN) Parameters Constant feedrate on cutter center-point path. CFTCP The control keeps the feedrate constant, feed overrides are deactivated. Constant feed at contour (tool edge). This function is set as the default. Constant feed at tool edge for concave contours only, otherwise on CFIN the cutter center path.
Page 302: Spindle Speed (S), Direction Of Spindle Rotation (M3, M4, M5)
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.10 Spindle speed (S), direction of spindle rotation (M3, M4, M5) Constant feedrate on contour with CFC The feedrate is reduced for inside radii and increased for outside radii. This ensures a constant speed at the tool edge and thus at the contour. 7.10 Spindle speed (S), direction of spindle rotation (M3, M4, M5) Function...
Page 303 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.10 Spindle speed (S), direction of spindle rotation (M3, M4, M5) Programming M3 or M1=3 M4 or M1=4 M5 or M1=5 S… Sn=… SETMS(n) or SETMS Parameters Spindle rotation clockwise/counterclockwise, spindle stop for spindle M1=3 M1=4 M1=5 1.
Page 304 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.10 Spindle speed (S), direction of spindle rotation (M3, M4, M5) ;Speed and direction of rotation N10 S300 M3 ;for drive spindle = preset master spindle ;Machining of right side of workpiece N20…N90 ;S2 is now master spindle N100 SETMS(2) ;Speed for new master spindle N110 S400 G95 F…...
Page 305 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.10 Spindle speed (S), direction of spindle rotation (M3, M4, M5) One of the spindles is defined in machine data as the master spindle. Special functions apply to this spindle, such as thread cutting, tapping, revolutional feed, dwell time. The numbers must be specified with the speed and the direction of rotation/spindle stop for the other spindles, e.g., for a second spindle and actuated tool.
Page 306: Constant Cutting Rate (G96/G961/G962, G97/G971/G972, G973, Lims, Scc[Ax])
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.11 Constant cutting rate (G96/G961/G962, G97/G971/G972, G973, LIMS, SCC[AX]) 7.11 Constant cutting rate (G96/G961/G962, G97/G971/G972, G973, LIMS, SCC[AX]) Function When G96/G961 is active, the spindle speed – depending on the respective workpiece diameter – is modified in order that the cutting rate S in m/min or ft/min remains constant at the tool edge.
Page 307 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.11 Constant cutting rate (G96/G961/G962, G97/G971/G972, G973, LIMS, SCC[AX]) Programming Activate G96 or G96 S… Deactivate G973 without activating spindle speed limiting Activate/deactivate G961 or G971 with feed type as for G94 G962 or G972 with feed type, either as for G94 or as for G95 Speed limitation of the master spindle in a block LIMS=value or LIMS[1]=value up to LIMS[4]=value in one block LIMS can be expanded for machines with selectable master spindles by adding four...
Page 308 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.11 Constant cutting rate (G96/G961/G962, G97/G971/G972, G973, LIMS, SCC[AX]) Deactivate constant cutting rate with feedrate type as with G94 (linear G971= feedrate in relation to a linear/rotary axis). Deactivate constant cutting rate with feedrate type as with G94 or G972= G95.
Page 309 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.11 Constant cutting rate (G96/G961/G962, G97/G971/G972, G973, LIMS, SCC[AX]) Example Y-axis assignment for face cutting with X axis ;Speed limitation at 3000 rpm N10 G18 LIMS=3000 T1 D1 N20 G0 X100 Z200 N30 Z100 ;Constant cutting rate 20 m/min, is N40 G96 S20 M3 ;dependent on X axis.
Page 310 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.11 Constant cutting rate (G96/G961/G962, G97/G971/G972, G973, LIMS, SCC[AX]) Note On loading the block into the main run, all programmed values are transferred into the setting data. Deactivate constant cutting rate, G97/G971/G973 After G97/G971, the control interprets an S word as a spindle speed in rpm again. If you do not specify a new spindle speed, the last speed set by G96/G961 is retained.
Page 311 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.11 Constant cutting rate (G96/G961/G962, G97/G971/G972, G973, LIMS, SCC[AX]) Rapid traverse G0 With rapid traverse G0, there is no change in speed. Exception: if the contour is approached in rapid traverse and the next NC block contains a G1, G2, G3 … path command, the speed is adjusted in the G0 approach block for the next path command.
Page 312: Constant Grinding Wheel Peripheral Speed (Gwpson, Gwpsof)
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.12 Constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPSON, GWPSOF) 7.12 Constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPSON, GWPSOF) Function With the function "Constant grinding wheel peripheral speed" (=GWPS), you can set the grinding wheel speed such that, taking account of the current radius, the grinding wheel peripheral speed remains constant.
Page 313: Programmable Spindle Speed Limitation (G25, G26)
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.13 Programmable spindle speed limitation (G25, G26) Tool-specific parameters In order to activate the function "Constant peripheral speed", the tool-specific grinding data $TC_TPG1, $TC_TPG8 and $TC_TPG9 must be set accordingly. When the GWPS function is active, even online offset values (= wear parameters; cf. "Grinding-specific tool monitoring in the parts program TMON, TMOF"...
Page 314: Multiple Feedrate Values In One Block (F
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.14 Multiple feedrate values in one block (F.., ST=.., SR=.., FMA.., STA=.., SRA=..) Parameters Lower spindle speed limitation Upper spindle speed limitation Minimum or maximum spindle speed S S1 S2=…=… Value assignment for the spindle speed can be between Range of values rpm ...
Page 315 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.14 Multiple feedrate values in one block (F.., ST=.., SR=.., FMA.., STA=.., SRA=..) Programming F2= to F7= Multiple path motions in 1 block FMA[2,x]= to FMA[7,x]=Multiple axial motions in 1 block STA= SRA= Parameters In addition to the path feed, you can program up to 6 further feedrates F2=...
Page 316 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.14 Multiple feedrate values in one block (F.., ST=.., SR=.., FMA.., STA=.., SRA=..) Example of programming path motion The path feed is programmed under the address F and remains valid until an input signal is present.
Page 317: Blockwise Feed (Fb
Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.15 Blockwise feed (FB...) 7.15 Blockwise feed (FB...) Function You can use the function "Non-modal feedrate" to define a separate feedrate for a single block. The address FB is used to define the feedrate only for the current block. After this block, the previously active modal feedrate is active.
Page 318 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7.15 Blockwise feed (FB...) ;Initial setting N10 G0 X0 Y0 G17 F100 ;Feedrate 100 mm/min N20 G1 X10 ;Feedrate 80 mm/min N30 X20 FB=80 ;Feedrate is 100 mm/min again N40 X30 N50 ... … Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 319: Tool Offsets
Tool offsets General notes 8.1.1 Tool offsets When writing a program, it is not necessary to specify the cutter diameter, the tool point direction of the turning tool (left/right-handed turning tools) or tool length. You program the workpiece dimensions directly, for example, following the production drawing.
Page 320: Tool Offsets In The Control's Offset Memory
Tool offsets 8.1 General notes During program execution, the control fetches the offset data from the tool files and corrects the tool path individually for different tools. Enter tool offsets into the offset memory In the offset memory enter the following: •...
Page 321 Tool offsets 8.1 General notes They consist of several components (geometry, wear). The control computes the components to a certain dimension (e.g., overall length 1, total radius). The respective overall dimension becomes active when the offset memory is activated. The way in which these values are computed in the axes is determined by the tool type and the current plane G17, G18, G19.
Page 322 Tool offsets 8.1 General notes Any tool parameters that are not required must be set to "zero". Description Tool length compensation This value compensates for the differences in length between the tools used. The tool length is the distance between the toolholder reference point and the tip of the tool. This length is measured and entered in the control together with definable wear values.
Page 323 Tool offsets 8.1 General notes Note The compensation value of the tool length depends on the spatial orientation of the tool. See also chapter "Tool orientation and tool length compensation" for more information. Tool radius compensation The contour and tool path are not identical. The cutter or tool nose radius center must travel along a path that is equidistant from the contour.
Page 324: List Of Tool Types
Tool offsets 8.2 List of tool types List of tool types Codings of tool types The individually coded tool types are divided up into the following groups depending on the technology used: 1. Group with type 1xy milling tools 2. Group with type 2xy drills 3.
Page 325 Tool offsets 8.2 List of tool types Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 326 Tool offsets 8.2 List of tool types Coding of tool types for drills Group type 2xy (drills): 200 Twist drill 205 Drill 210 Boring bar 220 Center drill 230 Countersink 231 Counterbore 240 Regular thread tap 241 Fine thread tap 242 Whitworth-thread tap 250 Reamer Fundamentals...
Page 327 Tool offsets 8.2 List of tool types Coding of tool types for grinding tools Group type 4xy (grinding tools): 400 Surface grinding wheel 401 Surface grinding wheel with monitoring 402 Surface grinding wheel without monitoring without toolbase dimension (TOOLMAN) 403 Surface grinding wheel with monitoring/without tool base dimension for grinding wheel surface speed (GWPS) 410 Facing wheel 411 Facing wheel (TOOLMAN) with monitoring...
Page 328 Tool offsets 8.2 List of tool types Coding of tool types for turning tools Group type 5xy (turning tools): 500 Roughing tool 510 Finishing tool 520 Plunge cutter 530 Parting tool 540 Threading tool 550 Mushroom tool/form tool (TOOLMAN) 560 Rotary drill (ECOCUT) 580 Probe with cutting edge position parameter Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 329 Tool offsets 8.2 List of tool types Chaining rule The tool length offsets • Geometry, • Wear and • Tool base dimension can be chained for the left and right wheel correction in each case, i.e., if the length offsets for the left tool edge are altered, the values for the right edge are automatically entered and vice versa.
Page 330 Tool offsets 8.2 List of tool types Slotting saw Group with type: 700 Slotting saw Note You will find a description of the tool-type parameters on the control's help screens and in: References: /FB1/Function Manual Basic Functions; Tool Offset (W1) Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 331: Tool Selection/Tool Call T
Tool offsets 8.3 Tool selection/tool call T Tool selection/tool call T 8.3.1 Tool change with T commands (turning) Function A direct tool change takes place when the T word is programmed. Tool selection without tool management Free selection of D No. (flat D No.) relative to cutting edges Tabulated D No.: D1 ...
Page 332: Tool Change With M06 (Mill)
Tool offsets 8.3 Tool selection/tool call T desirable if, for example, tool programming is also intended to achieve positioning and the tool data is not necessarily available (circular magazine). 8.3.2 Tool change with M06 (mill) Function Tool selection takes place when the T word is programmed. 1.
Page 333 Tool offsets 8.3 Tool selection/tool call T Programming Tx or T=x or Ty=X M06F2=... to F7=... Parameter Tool selection with T no. Tx or T=x or Ty=x x stands for T no.: 0-32000 Tool deselection Tool change, then tool T... and tool offset D are active Number of tools: 1200 (depending on the machine manufacturer's configuration) Machine manufacturer...
Page 334 Tool offsets 8.3 Tool selection/tool call T Machine manufacturer T can or cannot be programmed in the parts program, depending on the setting in MD 18102. Creating a new D number Creating a new D number with the associated tool compensation blocks is performed exactly as for the normal D number via tool parameters $TC_DP1 to $TC_DP25.
Page 335: Tool Offset D
Tool offsets 8.4 Tool offset D Tool offset D Function It is possible to assign between 1 and 8 (12) tool noses per tool with different tool offset blocks to a specific tool. This allows you to define various tool noses for one tool, which you can call as required in the NC program.
Page 336 Tool offsets 8.4 Tool offset D Parameter Tool offset number: Without WZV 1... 8 or with WZV 1...12 x stands for the D No.: 0-32000 Tool offset deselection, no offsets active. D0 is preset by default after control is powered up. Note If you do not enter a D number, you will be working without a tool offset.
Page 337: Tool Selection T With Tool Management
Tool offsets 8.5 Tool selection T with tool management Tool selection T with tool management Function Tool selection T with tool management is illustrated in the sample magazine with 1 to 20 locations. Initial conditions when calling the tool Note When calling the tool, the 1.
Page 338 Tool offsets 8.5 Tool selection T with tool management Programming N10 T1 or T=1: 1. Magazine location 1 is scrutinized and the tool identifier is ascertained. 2. This tool is locked and therefore cannot be used. 3. A tool search for T="drill" is initiated in accordance with the search method set. Exception: "Find the active tool;...
Page 339: Turning Machine With Circular Magazine (T Selection)
Tool offsets 8.5 Tool selection T with tool management 8.5.1 Turning machine with circular magazine (T selection) Function The tools must be assigned unique names and numbers for identification purposes. Below it will be demonstrated how to uniquely define the parameters for the tool management option on a turning machine with circular magazine.
Page 340: Milling Machine With Chain Magazine (T Selection)
Tool offsets 8.5 Tool selection T with tool management 8.5.2 Milling machine with chain magazine (T selection) Function The tools must be assigned unique names and numbers for identification purposes. Below it will be demonstrated how to uniquely define the parameters for the tool management option on a milling machine with chain magazine.
Page 341: Tool Offset Call D With Tool Management
Tool offsets 8.6 Tool offset call D with tool management Note When calling the tool, the 1. tool offset values stored under a D number must be activated. 2. The appropriate working plane (system setting: G17) must be programmed. This ensures that the length compensation is assigned to the correct axis.
Page 342: Milling Machine With Chain Magazine (D Call)
Tool offsets 8.6 Tool offset call D with tool management Example of turning machine with circular magazine ;MD20270 CUTTING_EDGE_DEFAULT = 1 $MC_TOOL_CHANGE_MODE=0 ;Traverse with tool offsets from D92 ;Select T17, traverse with tool offsets from D92 ;Traverse with tool offsets from D16 ;Traverse with tool offsets from D32000 D32000 ;Select T29000500, ;traverse with tool offsets from D32000...
Page 343: Activating The Active Tool Offset Immediately
Tool offsets 8.7 Activating the active tool offset immediately Relative D no. structure With internal reference made to the associated tools (e.g., tool management and monitoring function) Without integrated tool management (external to NC) Flat D no. structure Without internal reference made to the associated tools Selection •...
Page 344 Tool offsets 8.8 Tool radius compensation (G40, G41, G42) You can generate equidistant paths with OFFN, e.g., for rough-finishing. Programming OFFN= Parameters Deactivate tool radius compensation. Activate tool radius compensation; tool operates in machining direction to the left of the contour. Activate tool radius compensation, tool operates in machining direction to the right of the contour.
Page 345 Tool offsets 8.8 Tool radius compensation (G40, G41, G42) Example 1 milling N10 G0 X50 T1 D1 N20 G1 G41 Y50 F200 N30 Y100 Only tool length compensation is activated in block N10. X50 is approached without compensation. In block N20, the radius compensation is activated, point X50/Y50 is approached with compensation.
Page 346 Tool offsets 8.8 Tool radius compensation (G40, G41, G42) ;Retract to tool change point N10 G0 Z100 ;Change tool N20 G17 T1 M6 ;Call tool offset values, ;select length compensation N30 G0 X0 Y0 Z1 M3 S300 D1 ;Tool infeed N40 Z-7 F500 ;Activate tool radius compensation, tool N50 G41 X20 Y20...
Page 347 Tool offsets 8.8 Tool radius compensation (G40, G41, G42) Example 1 turning N20 T1 D1 N30 G0 X100 Z20 N40 G42 X20 Z1 N50 G1 Z-20 F0.2 Only tool length compensation is activated in block N20. X100 Z20 is approached without compensation in block N30.
Page 348 Tool offsets 8.8 Tool radius compensation (G40, G41, G42) Example 2 turning ;Program name %_N_1001_MPF ;Start point N5 G0 G53 X280 Z380 D0 ;Zero offset N10 TRANS X0 Z250 ;Speed limitation (G96) N15 LIMS=4000 ;Select constant feed N20 G96 S250 M3 ;Select tool and offset N25 G90 T1 D1 M8 ;Activate tool with tool radius compensation...
Page 349 Tool offsets 8.8 Tool radius compensation (G40, G41, G42) ;Call up tool and select offset N100 T2 D2 ;Select constant cutting speed N105 G96 S210 M3 ;Activate tool with tool radius compensation N110 G0 G42 X50 Z-60 M8 ;Rotate diameter 50 N115 G1 Z-70 F0.12 ;Rotate radius 8 N120 G2 X50 Z-80 I6.245 K-5...
Page 350 Tool offsets 8.8 Tool radius compensation (G40, G41, G42) Note A negative offset value is the same as a change of offset side (G41, G42). You can generate equidistant paths with OFFN, e.g., for rough-finishing. Working plane G17 toG19 From this information, the control detects the plane and therefore the axis directions for compensation.
Page 351 Tool offsets 8.8 Tool radius compensation (G40, G41, G42) To do this, the tool must be selected again after the plane has been changed. Turning: Using NORM and KONT you can determine the tool path for activation/deactivation of compensation mode (see chapter "Contour approach and retraction", NORM, KONT, G450, G451).
Page 352 Tool offsets 8.8 Tool radius compensation (G40, G41, G42) Intersection Select intersection with SD 42496: CUTCOM_CLSD_CONT FALSE: If two intersections appear on the inside when offsetting an (virtually) closed contour, which consists of two circle blocks following on from one another, or from one circle block and one linear block, the intersection positioned closest to the end of block on the first partial contour is selected, in accordance with standard procedure.
Page 353 Tool offsets 8.8 Tool radius compensation (G40, G41, G42) Changing the offset number D The offset number D can be changed in compensation mode. A modified tool radius is active with effect from the block, in which the new D number is programmed.
Page 354 Tool offsets 8.8 Tool radius compensation (G40, G41, G42) Note Compensation mode Compensation mode may only be interrupted by a certain number of consecutive blocks or M commands, which do not contain any travel commands or positional parameters in the compensation plane: Standard 3.
Page 355: Contour Approach And Retraction (Norm, Kont, Kontc, Kontt)
Tool offsets 8.9 Contour approach and retraction (NORM, KONT, KONTC, KONTT) Contour approach and retraction (NORM, KONT, KONTC, KONTT) Function You can use these functions to adapt the approach and retraction paths, for example, according to the desired contour or shape of the blanks. Only G1 blocks are permitted as original approach/retraction blocks for the two functions KONTC and KONTT.
Page 356 Tool offsets 8.9 Contour approach and retraction (NORM, KONT, KONTC, KONTT) Example of KONTC The full circle is approached beginning at the circle center point. The direction and curvature radius of the approach circle at the block end point are identical to the values of the next circle.
Page 357 Tool offsets 8.9 Contour approach and retraction (NORM, KONT, KONTC, KONTT) Direct approach to perpendicular position, G41, G42, NORM The tool travels in a straight line directly to the contour and is positioned perpendicular to the path tangent at the starting point. Selection of the approach point When NORM is active, the tool travels directly to the compensated starting position irrespective of the approach angle programmed for the travel movement (see diagram).
Page 358 Tool offsets 8.9 Contour approach and retraction (NORM, KONT, KONTC, KONTT) Deactivate compensation mode, G40, NORM The tool is positioned perpendicular to the last compensated path end point and then travels directly in a straight line to the next uncompensated position, e.g., to the tool change location.
Page 359 Tool offsets 8.9 Contour approach and retraction (NORM, KONT, KONTC, KONTT) Travel round contour at starting point, G41, G42, KONT Two cases are distinguished here: 1. Starting point lies in front of the contour The approach strategy is the same as with NORM. The path tangent at the starting point serves as a dividing line between the front and rear of the contour.
Page 360 Tool offsets 8.9 Contour approach and retraction (NORM, KONT, KONTC, KONTT) G450 G451 G450 G451 Generation of the approach path In both cases (G450/G451), the following approach path is generated: A straight line is drawn from the uncompensated approach point. This line is a tangent to a circle with circle radius = tool radius.
Page 361 Tool offsets 8.9 Contour approach and retraction (NORM, KONT, KONTC, KONTT) Deactivate compensation mode, G40, KONT If the retraction point is located in front of the contour, the same retraction movement as for NORM applies. If the retraction point is located behind the contour, the retraction movement is the reverse of the approach movement.
Page 362: Compensation At The Outside Corners (G450, G451)
Tool offsets 8.10 Compensation at the outside corners (G450, G451) If the KONTT or KONTC block is the approach block rather than the retraction block, the contour is exactly the same, but machined in the opposite direction. 8.10 Compensation at the outside corners (G450, G451) Function G450/G451 defines the following: On the one hand, the approach path for active KONT and the approach point behind the...
Page 363 Tool offsets 8.10 Compensation at the outside corners (G450, G451) Example In this example a transition radius is added to all outside corners (progr. in block N30). This prevents the tool from having to stop and free cut when changing direction. ;Start conditions N10 G17 T1 G0 X35 Y0 Z0 F500 ;Tool infeed...
Page 364 Tool offsets 8.10 Compensation at the outside corners (G450, G451) Corner behavior, transition circle, G41, G42, G450 The tool center point travels around the workpiece corner across an arc with tool radius. At intermediate point P*, the control executes instructions such as infeed movements or switching functions.
Page 365 Tool offsets 8.10 Compensation at the outside corners (G450, G451) Corner behavior, selectable transitions G41, G42, G450 DISC=… DISC distorts the transition circle, thus creating sharp contour corners. The values have the following meanings: DISC=0 transition circle DISC=100 intersection of the equidistant paths (theoretical value) DISC is programmed in steps of 1.
Page 366 Tool offsets 8.10 Compensation at the outside corners (G450, G451) Path action, depending on DISC values and contour angle Depending on the angle of the contour that is traversed, with acute contour angles and high DISC values the tool is lifted off the contour at the corners. With angles of 120° and more, the contour is traversed evenly (see adjacent table).
Page 367: Smooth Approach And Retraction
Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction Note Superfluous non-cutting tool paths can result from liftoff movements at acute contour angles. A parameter can be used in the machine data to define automatic switchover to transition circle in such cases. 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction 8.11.1...
Page 368 Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction Programming G140 G141 to G143 G147, G148 G247, G248 G347, G348 G340, G341 DISR=..., DISCL=..., FAD=... Parameters Approach and retraction direction independent of the current G140 compensation side (basic setting) Approach from the left or retraction to the left G141 Approach from the right or retraction to the right G142...
Page 369 Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction Example • Smooth approach (block N20 activated) • Approach motion with quadrant (G247) • Approach direction not programmed, G140 is operative, i.e., TRC is active (G41) • Contour offset OFFN=5 (N10) • Current tool radius=10; thus the effective offset radius for TRC=15, the radius of the SAR contour=25, so that the radius of the tool center point path is then DISR=10.
Page 370 Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction N10 G0 X0 Y0 Z20 G64 D1 T1 OFFN = 5 0app ;Approach (P 3app N20 G41 G247 G341 Z0 DISCL = AC(7) DISR = 10 F1500 FAD=200 4app N30 G1 X30 Y-10 N40 X40 Z2 4ret N50 X50...
Page 371 Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction Selecting the approach and retraction direction Use the tool radius compensation (G140, basic setting) to determine the approach and retraction direction with positive tool radius: • G41 active → approach from left • G42 active → approach from right G141, G142 and G143 provide further approach options.
Page 372 Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction Description The G codes are only significant when the approach contour is a quadrant or a semicircle. Motion steps between start point and end point (G340 and G341) The approach characteristic from P to P is shown in the adjacent image.
Page 373 Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction • With G341: The whole approach contour consists of three blocks (P and P combined). If P and P are on the same plane, only two blocks result (infeed movement from P to P is omitted).
Page 374 Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction • Programming during retraction – For an SAR block without programmed geometry axis, the contour ends in P . The position in the axes that form the machining plane are obtained from the retraction contour. The axis component perpendicular to this is defined by DISCL.
Page 375 Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction Approach and retraction velocities • Velocity of the previous block (G0): All motions from up to P are executed at this velocity, i.e., the motion parallel to the machining plane and the part of the infeed motion up to the safety clearance. •...
Page 376 Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction During retraction, the rolls of the modally active feedrate from the previous block and the programmed feedrate value in the SAR block are changed round, i.e., the actual retraction contour is traversed with the old feedrate value and a new speed programmed with the F word applies from P up to P Fundamentals...
Page 377 Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction Reading positions Points P and P can be read in the WCS as a system variable during approach. • $P_APR: reading P (initial point) • • $P_AEP: reading P (contour starting point) • •...
Page 378: Approach And Retraction With Enhanced Retraction Strategies (G460, G461, G462)
Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction 8.11.2 Approach and retraction with enhanced retraction strategies (G460, G461, G462) Function In certain special geometrical situations, enhanced approach and retraction strategies, compared with the previous implementation with activated collision monitoring for approach and retraction block, are required in order to activate or deactivate tool radius compensation.
Page 379 Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction Further information The approach behavior is symmetrical to the retraction behavior. The approach/retraction behavior is determined by the state of the G command in the approach/retraction block. The approach behavior can therefore be set independently of the retraction behavior.
Page 380 Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction G461 If no intersection is possible between the last TRC block and a preceding block, the offset curve of this block is extended with a circle whose center point lies at the end point of the uncorrected block and whose radius is equal to the tool radius.
Page 381 Tool offsets 8.11 Smooth approach and retraction G462 If no intersection is possible between the last TRC block and a preceding block, a straight line is inserted, on retraction with G462 (initial setting), at the end point of the last block with tool radius compensation (the block is extended by its end tangent).
Page 382: Collision Monitoring (Cdon, Cdof, Cdof2)
Tool offsets 8.12 Collision monitoring (CDON, CDOF, CDOF2) 8.12 Collision monitoring (CDON, CDOF, CDOF2) Function When CDON (Collision Detection ON) and tool radius compensation are active, the control monitors the tool paths with Look Ahead contour calculation. This Look Ahead function allows possible collisions to be detected in advance and permits the control to actively avoid them.
Page 383 Tool offsets 8.12 Collision monitoring (CDON, CDOF, CDOF2) CDOF helps prevent the incorrect detection of bottlenecks, e.g., due to missing information, which is not available in the NC program. Machine manufacturer The number of NC blocks monitored can be defined in the machine data (see machine manufacturer).
Page 384 Tool offsets 8.12 Collision monitoring (CDON, CDOF, CDOF2) Bottleneck detection Since the tool radius selected is too wide to machine this inside contour, the "bottleneck" is bypassed. An alarm is output. Contour path shorter than tool radius The tool travels round the workpiece corner on a transition circle and then continues to follow the programmed contour exactly.
Page 385 Tool offsets 8.12 Collision monitoring (CDON, CDOF, CDOF2) Tool radius too wide for inside machining In such cases, the contours are machined only to the extent possible without damaging the contour.. Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 386: Tool Compensation (Cut2D, Cut2Df)
Tool offsets 8.13 2D tool compensation (CUT2D, CUT2DF) 8.13 2D tool compensation (CUT2D, CUT2DF) Function With CUT2D or CUT2DF you define how the tool radius compensation is to act or to be interpreted when machining in inclined planes. Tool length compensation The tool length compensation generally always refers to the fixed, non-rotated working plane.
Page 387 Tool offsets 8.13 2D tool compensation (CUT2D, CUT2DF) The valid tool types for non-axially symmetrical tools and the maximum number of cutting edges (Dn = D1 to D12) are defined by the machine manufacturer via machine data. Please contact the machine manufacturer if not all of the 12 cutting edges are available. References: /FB1/Function Manual Basic Functions;...
Page 388 Tool offsets 8.13 2D tool compensation (CUT2D, CUT2DF) Tool radius compensation, CUT2DF In this case, it is possible to arrange the tool orientation perpendicular to the inclined working plane on the machine. If a frame containing a rotation is programmed, the compensation plane is also rotated with CUT2DF.
Page 389: Tool Length Compensation For Orientable Toolholders (Tcarr, Tcoabs, Tcofr)
Tool offsets 8.14 Tool length compensation for orientable toolholders (TCARR, TCOABS, TCOFR) 8.14 Tool length compensation for orientable toolholders (TCARR, TCOABS, TCOFR) Function When the spatial orientation of the tool changes, its tool length components also change. After a reset, e.g., through manual setting or change of the toolholder with a fixed spatial orientation, the tool length components also have to be determined again.
Page 390 Tool offsets 8.14 Tool length compensation for orientable toolholders (TCARR, TCOABS, TCOFR) Determine tool length components from the orientation of the active TCOFR frame Orientable toolholder from active frame with a tool pointing in the Z TCOFRZ direction Orientable toolholder from active frame with a tool pointing in the Y TCOFRY direction Orientable toolholder from active frame with a tool pointing in the X...
Page 391 Tool offsets 8.14 Tool length compensation for orientable toolholders (TCARR, TCOABS, TCOFR) Recalculation of tool length compensation, TCOABS with frame change In order to make a new calculation of the tool length compensation when frames are changed, the tool has to be selected again. Note The tool orientation must be manually adapted to the active frame.
Page 392: Grinding-Specific Tool Monitoring In Parts Programs (Tmon, Tmof)
Tool offsets 8.15 Grinding-specific tool monitoring in parts programs (TMON, TMOF) Note When transferring angular values to a standard or measuring cycle, the following should be carefully observed: Values less than the calculation resolution of the NC should be rounded-off to zero! The calculation resolution of the NC for angular positions is defined in the machine data: MD10210 $MN_INT_INCR_PER_DEG 8.15...
Page 393 Tool offsets 8.15 Grinding-specific tool monitoring in parts programs (TMON, TMOF) Parameters Activate tool monitoring It is only necessary to TMON (T no.) specify the T number if the Deselect tool monitoring TMOF (T no.) tool with this T No. = 0: Deactivate monitoring for all T number is not active.
Page 394: Additive Offsets
Tool offsets 8.16 Additive offsets • T number, and • D number can be set, that do not have to be reprogrammed and are effective after Power ON/Reset. Example All machining is performed with the same grinding wheel. Machine data can be set to keep the current tool active after Reset; see /PGA/Programming Manual Advanced;...
Page 395: Select Offsets (Via Dl Numbers)
Tool offsets 8.16 Additive offsets 8.16.1 Select offsets (via DL numbers) Function Setup value: The setup value is defined optionally by the machine manufacturer in MD. Same tool edge: The same tool edge is used for 2 bearing seats (see example). Compensation can be made for a location-dependent measurement error occurring as a result of machining forces, etc.
Page 396: Specify Wear And Setup Values ($Tc_Scpxy[T,D], $Tc_Ecpxy[T,D])
Tool offsets 8.16 Additive offsets 8.16.2 Specify wear and setup values ($TC_SCPxy[t,d], $TC_ECPxy[t,d]) Function Wear and setup values can be read and written via system variables and the corresponding OPI services. The logic is based on the logic of the corresponding system variables for tools and tool noses.
Page 397: Delete Additive Offsets (Deldl)
Tool offsets 8.16 Additive offsets 8.16.3 Delete additive offsets (DELDL) Function DELDL is used to delete the additive offsets for the tool edge of a tool (in order to release memory). Both the defined wear values and the setup values are deleted. Programming status = DELDL [t,d] Parameters...
Page 398: Special Handling Of Tool Offsets
Tool offsets 8.17 Special handling of tool offsets 8.17 Special handling of tool offsets Function Setting data SD 42900 - SD 42960 can be used to control the evaluation of the sign for tool length and wear. The same applies to the behavior of the wear components when mirroring geometry axes or changing the machining plane, and also to temperature compensation in tool direction.
Page 399 Tool offsets 8.17 Special handling of tool offsets Orientable toolholders and new setting data Setting data SD 42900-42940 have no effect on the components of an active orientable toolholder. However, the calculation with an orientable toolholder always allows for a tool with its total resulting length (tool length + wear + tool base dimension).
Page 400: Mirroring Of Tool Lengths
Tool offsets 8.17 Special handling of tool offsets 8.17.1 Mirroring of tool lengths Function Set setting data SD 42900 MIRROR_TOOL_LENGTH and SD 42910 MIRROR_TOOL_WEAR not equal to zero can be used to mirror tool length components and components of the tool base dimensions with wear values of the corresponding axes. Parameters SD 42900 MIRROR_TOOL_LENGTH Setting data not equal to zero:...
Page 401: Wear Sign Evaluation
Tool offsets 8.17 Special handling of tool offsets 8.17.2 Wear sign evaluation Function Set setting data SD 42920 WEAR_SIGN_CUTPOS und SD 42930 WEAR_SIGN not equal to zero can be used to invert the sign evaluation of the wear components. Parameters SD 42920 WEAR_SIGN_CUTPOS Setting data not equal to zero: In the case of tools with a relevant tool point direction (turning and grinding tools, tool types...
Page 402: Coordinate System Of The Active Machining Operation (Towstd/Towmcs/Towwcs/Towbcs/Towtcs/Towkcs)
Tool offsets 8.17 Special handling of tool offsets 8.17.3 Coordinate system of the active machining operation (TOWSTD/TOWMCS/TOWWCS/TOWBCS/TOWTCS/TOWKCS) Function Depending on the kinematics of the machine or the availability of an orientable toolholder, the wear values measured in one of these coordinate systems are converted or transformed to a suitable coordinate system.
Page 403 Tool offsets 8.17 Special handling of tool offsets Description The most important distinguishing features are shown in the following table: Wear value Active orientable toolholder G code Initial value, tool length Wear values are subject to rotation TOWSTD Wear value in MCS. TOWMCS is Only the vector of the resultant tool TOWMCS identical to TOWSTD if no orientable...
Page 404 Tool offsets 8.17 Special handling of tool offsets Inclusion of wear values in calculation The setting data SD 42935 WEAR_TRANSFORM defines, which of the following three wear components 1. Wear 2. Total offsets fine 3. Total offsets coarse are to be made subject to a rotation by way of an adapter transformation or orientable toolholder if one of the following G codes is active.
Page 405: Tool Length And Plane Change
Tool offsets 8.17 Special handling of tool offsets 8.17.4 Tool length and plane change Function With the set setting data SD 42940 TOOL_LENGTH_CONST not equal to zero, you can assign tool length components such as length, wear and base dimension to the geometry axes for turning and grinding tools at a plane change.
Page 406: Tools With A Relevant Cutting Edge Length
Tool offsets 8.18 Tools with a relevant cutting edge length 8.18 Tools with a relevant cutting edge length Function In the case of tools with a relevant tool point direction (turning and grinding tools – tool types 400–599; see chapter "Sign evaluation wear"), a change from G40 to G41/G42 or vice-versa is treated as a tool change.
Page 407 Tool offsets 8.18 Tools with a relevant cutting edge length • In circle blocks and in motion blocks containing rational polynomials with a denominator degree > 4, it is not permitted to change a tool with active tool radius compensation in cases where the distance between the tool edge center point and the tool edge reference point changes.
Page 408 Tool offsets 8.18 Tools with a relevant cutting edge length Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 409: Special Functions
Special functions Auxiliary function outputs Function The auxiliary function output sends information to the PLC indicating when the NC program needs the PLC to perform specific switching operations on the machine tool. The auxiliary functions are output, together with their parameters, to the PLC interface. The values and signals must be processed by the PLC user program.
Page 410: Special Functions
Special functions 9.1 Auxiliary function outputs Programming Letter[address extension]=Value The letters, which can be used for auxiliary functions, are: Parameters In the following table you will find information about the meaning and value ranges for the address extension and the value in auxiliary function outputs. The maximum number of auxiliary functions of the same type per block is also specified.
Page 411 Special functions 9.1 Auxiliary function outputs 0 - 99 ±(max. Functions have no effect INT value) REAL in the NCK; only to be implemented on the PLC ±3.4028 ex 38 Spindle 1 - 12 0 - 32000 Tool Tool names are not (or tool selection passed to the PLC...
Page 412 Special functions 9.1 Auxiliary function outputs Description Number of function outputs per NC block Up to 10 function outputs can be programmed in one NC block. Auxiliary functions can also be output from the action component of synchronized actions. See /FBSY/. Grouping The functions described can be grouped together.
Page 413: M Functions
Special functions 9.1 Auxiliary function outputs Caution Function outputs in continuous-path mode Function outputs before the traversing movements interrupt continuous-path mode (G64/G641) and generate an exact stop for the previous block. Function outputs after the traversing movements interrupt continuous-path mode (G64/G641) and generate an exact stop for the current block.
Page 414 Special functions 9.1 Auxiliary function outputs Notice Extended address notation cannot be used for the functions marked with *. The commands M0, M1, M2, M17 and M30 are always initiated after the traversing movement. Machine manufacturer All free M function numbers can be assigned by the machine manufacturer, e.g., with switching functions for controlling clamping fixtures or for activating/deactivating other machine functions, etc.
Page 415: H Functions
Special functions 9.1 Auxiliary function outputs End of program, M2, M17, M30 A program is terminated with M2, M17 or M30 and reset to the beginning of the program. If the main program is called from another program (as a subprogram), M2/M30 has the same effect as M17 and vice versa, i.e., M17 has the same effect in the main program as M2/M30.
Page 416 Special functions 9.1 Auxiliary function outputs Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 417: Arithmetic Parameters And Program Jumps
Arithmetic Parameters and Program Jumps 10.1 Arithmetic parameter (R) Function The arithmetic parameters are used, for example, if an NC program is not only to be valid for values assigned once, or if you need to calculate values. The required values can be set or calculated by the control during program execution.
Page 418: Arithmetic Parameters And Program Jumps
Arithmetic Parameters and Program Jumps 10.1 Arithmetic parameter (R) Example of assignment of axis values N10 G1 G91 X=R1 Z=R2 F300 N20 Z=R3 N30 X=-R4 N40 Z=-R5 Value assignment You can assign values in the following range to the arithmetic parameters: ±(0.000 0001 ...
Page 419: Unconditional Program Jumps
Arithmetic Parameters and Program Jumps 10.2 Unconditional program jumps When assigning, write the character " = " after the address character. It is also possible to have an assignment with a minus sign. A separate block is required for assignments to axis addresses (traversing instructions).
Page 420 Arithmetic Parameters and Program Jumps 10.2 Unconditional program jumps Example Axis U: Pallet storage, transporting the pallet to the working area Axis V: Transfer line to a measuring station, where sampling controls are carried out: N10 … ;Jump forward to LABEL_0 N20 GOTOF LABEL_0 N30 …...
Page 421: Conditional Program Jumps (If, Gotob, Gotof, Goto, Gotoc)
Arithmetic Parameters and Program Jumps 10.3 Conditional program jumps (IF, GOTOB, GOTOF, GOTO, GOTOC) Indirect jumps Jump to block number N5 R10=100 N10 GOTOF "N"<
Page 422 Arithmetic Parameters and Program Jumps 10.3 Conditional program jumps (IF, GOTOB, GOTOF, GOTO, GOTOC) Parameters Keyword for condition "Jump statement" with backward jump destination (towards beginning of GOTOB program) Jump statement with forward jump destination (toward program end) GOTOF Jump statement with destination search first forward then backward GOTO (first toward end of program and then toward beginning of program) Suppress Alarm 14080 "Destination not found".
Page 423 Arithmetic Parameters and Program Jumps 10.3 Conditional program jumps (IF, GOTOB, GOTOF, GOTO, GOTOC) Example ;Assignment of initial values N40 R1=30 R2=60 R3=10 R4=11 R5=50 R6=20 ;Calculation and assignment to ;axis N41 MA1: G0 X=R2*COS(R1)+R5 -> address -> Y=R2*SIN(R1)+R6 ;Specification of variable N42 R1=R1+R3 R4=R4-1 ;Jump statement with label N43 IF R4>0 GOTOB MA1...
Page 424 Arithmetic Parameters and Program Jumps 10.3 Conditional program jumps (IF, GOTOB, GOTOF, GOTO, GOTOC) Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 425: Program Section Repetition
Program section repetition 11.1 Program section repetition Function Program section repetition allows you to repeat existing program sections within a program in any order. The block or program sections to be repeated are identified by labels. For more information on labels, please see: Fundamentals of NC Programming, "Language Elements of Programming Language"...
Page 426 Program section repetition 11.1 Program section repetition Note The label must appear before the REPEAT statement. The search is performed toward the start of the program only. Programming repeat area between two labels START_LABEL: xxx END_LABEL: yyy REPEAT START_LABEL END_LABEL P=n The area between the two labels is repeated P=n times.
Page 427 Program section repetition 11.1 Program section repetition The area between a label and the following ENDLABEL is repeated P=n times. Any name can be used to define the start label. If the block with the start label or ENDLABEL contains further statements, these are executed on each repetition.
Page 428 Program section repetition 11.1 Program section repetition Example repeat program section from BEGIN to END N5 R10=15 ;Width N10 Begin: R10=R10+1 N20 Z=10-R10 N30 G1 X=R10 F200 N40 Y=R10 N50 X=-R10 N60 Y=-R10 N70 END:Z=10 N80 Z10 N90 CYCLE(10,20,30) ;Execute area from N10 to N70 three times N100 REPEAT BEGIN END P=3 N110 Z10 N120 M30...
Page 429 Program section repetition 11.1 Program section repetition N110 X3 Y3 N120 ENDLABEL: ;Change drill and drilling cycle N130 DRILL() ;Load tap M6 and ;threading cycle N140 THREAD(6) ;Repeat program section once from ;POS_1 N150 REPEAT POS_1 up to ENDLABEL ;Change drill and drilling cycle N160 DRILL() ;Load tap M8 and ;threading cycle N170 THREAD(8)
Page 430 Program section repetition 11.1 Program section repetition Example: N10 G1 F300 Z-10 N20 BEGIN1: N30 X=10 N40 Y=10 N50 GOTOF BEGIN2 N60 ENDLABEL: N70 BEGIN2: N80 X20 N90 Y30 N100 ENDLABEL: Z10 N110 X0 Y0 Z0 N120 Z-10 N130 REPEAT BEGIN1 P=2 N140 Z10 N150 X0 Y0 N160 M30...
Page 431: Tables
Tables 12.1 List of statements Legend: Default setting at beginning of program (factory settings of the control, if nothing else programmed) The groups are numbered according to the table in section "List of G functions/preparatory functions". Absolute end points: modal (m); incremental end points: non-modal (n);...
Page 432 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment Tool orientation: Direction- Real vector component Tool orientation for start of Real block Tool orientation for end of real block: Normal-vector component Absolute value real Input of absolute 0, ..., X=AC(100) dimensions...
Page 433 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment Write access protection Integer, (access protection write) without sign Opening angle 0, ..., 360° (angle circular) AROT Programmable rotation Rotation AROT X... Y... Z... (additive rotation) about: AROT RPL= 1st geometry ;separate block axis:...
Page 434 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment B_XOR Bit exclusive OR Tool orientation: Real Euler angles Tool orientation: Real Direction-vector component Tool orientation for start of Real block Tool orientation for end of Real block: Normal-vector component BAUTO Definition of first spline segment by the...
Page 435 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment Absolute approach of position Coded value is (coded position: absolute coordinate) table index; table value is approached. CACN Absolute approach in negative direction of Permissible for value stored in table (coded position absolute negative) programming of rotary axes as...
Page 436 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment CFIN Constant feed at internal radius only, not at external radius CFTCP Constant feed in tool-center- point (center- point path) CHAN Specify validity range for data Once per channel CHANDATA Set channel number for...
Page 437 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment CONTDCON Tabular contour decoding ON CONTPRON Activate contour preparation (contour preparation ON) Cosine real (trigon. function) COUPDEF Definition ELG String Block change COUPDEF(FS, ...) group/synchronous (software) spindle group response: (couple definition) NOC: no block-...
Page 438 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment CROTS Programmable frame rotations with solid CROTS X... Y... angles (rotation in the specified axes) CROTS Z... X... CROTS Y... Z... CROTS RPL= ;separate block CSCALE Scale factor for multiple FRAME Max.
Page 439 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment CTABPERIOD Returns the table periodicity with number n Parameter n CTABPOL Number of polynomials already used in the memType memory CTABPOLID Number of the curve polynomials used by Parameter n the curve table with number n CTABSEG...
Page 440 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment CUT3DCCD 3D cutter compensation type 3- dimensional circumference milling with limitation surfaces with differential tool CUT3DF 3D cutter compensation type 3- dimensional face milling CUT3DFF 3D cutter compensation type 3- dimensional face milling with constant tool orientation dependent on the current frame CUT3DFS...
Page 441 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment DELT Delete tool Duplo number can be omitted. DIACYCOFA Axis-specific, modal diametral Radius DIACYCOFA[axis] programming: OFF in cycles programming, last active G code DIAM90 Diameter programming for G90, radius programming for G91 DIAM90A Axis-specific, modal diameter...
Page 442 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment DISR Distance for repositioning Real, without sign DITE Thread run-out path Real DITS Thread run-in path Real Integer division Total tool offset DRFOF Deactivate the handwheel offsets (DRF) DRIVE Velocity-dependent path acceleration 7, 9...
Page 443 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment ENABLE Interrupt ON ENAT Natural transition to next traversing block 1, 7 (end natural) ENDFOR End line of FOR counter loop ENDIF End line of IF branch ENDLOOP End line of endless program loop LOOP ENDPROC End line of program with start line PROC...
Page 444 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment Axial feed 0.001, ..., FA[X]=100 (feed axial) 999999.999 mm/min, degrees/min; 0.001, ..., 39999.9999 inch/min Infeed feed for smooth Real, without approach and retraction sign (feed approach/depart) FALSE Logical constant: Incorrect BOOL Can be replaced with integer constant...
Page 445 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment FILESTAT Delivers file status of STRING, Format is rights for read, write, length 5 "rwxsd". execute, display, delete (rwxsd). FILETIME Delivers time when file STRING, Format is was last accessed and length 8 "dd:mm:yy".
Page 446 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment FRAME Data type to define the coordinate system Contains for each geometry axis: Offset, rotation, angle of shear, scaling, mirroring; For each special axis: offset, scaling, mirroring Feed for radius and chamfer FRCM Feed for radius and...
Page 447 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment Motion Linear interpolation with rapid traverse G0 X... Z... commands (rapid traverse motion) Linear interpolation with feedrate (linear G1 X... Z... F... interpolation) Circular interpolation clockwise G2 X... Z... I... K... F... ;Center point and end point G2 X...
Page 448 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment Linear progressive speed change Motion G34 X... Y... Z... I... J... [mm/rev command K... F... Linear degressive speed change [mm/rev ] Motion G35 X... Y... Z... I... J... command K...
Page 449 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment Constant cutting speed (as for G95) ON G96 S... LIMS=... F... Constant cutting speed (as for G95) OFF G110 Pole programming relative to the last G110 X... Y... Z... programmed setpoint position G111 Polar programming relative to origin of...
Page 450 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment G505 ...G599 5 ... 99. Settable zero offset G601 Block change at exact stop fine Only effective: - with act. G60 G602 Block change at exact stop coarse G603 Block change at IPO - end of block - with G9 with...
Page 451 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment Assign machine axis/axes Axis must be released in the other channel with RELEASE. GETD Assign machine axis/axes directly See GET. GETACTT Get active tool from a group of tools with the same name.
Page 452 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment Introduction of a conditional jump in the Structure: IF- IF (condition) part program/technology cycle ELSE-ENDIF INCCW Travel on a circle involute Real End point: INCW/INCCW X... Y... in CCW direction with Center point: Z...
Page 453 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment ISFILE Check whether the file BOOL Returns results RESULT=ISFILE("Testfi exists in the NCK user of type BOOL. le") IF memory. (RESULT==FALSE) ISNUMBER Check whether the input BOOL Convert input string can be converted to string to a a number.
Page 454 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment LIFTFAST Rapid lift before interrupt routine call LIMS Spindle speed limitation 0.001, ..., with G96/G961 and G97 99 999. 999 (limit spindle speed) Natural logarithm real LOCK Disable synchronized action with ID (stop technology cycle) (Common) logarithm real...
Page 455 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment MCALL Modal subprogram call Without subprogram name: Deselection MEAC Continuous measurement Integer, without deleting distance- without sign to-go MEAFRAME Frame calculation from FRAME measuring points MEAS Measure with touch- Integer, trigger probe without sign...
Page 456 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment Specify validity range for data Once per NCK NEWCONF Accept modified machine data. Also possible Corresponds to set machine data active. via HMI. NEWT Create new tool Duplo number can be omitted.
Page 457 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment ORICONIO specifications: SLOT=+... at ≤ 180 Interpolation on a circular peripheral Rotational degrees surface with intermediate orientation vectors SLOT= -... at ≥ 180 setting A6, B6, C6 degrees ORICONTO Interpolation on circular peripheral surface Opening angle...
Page 458 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment ORIWKS Tool orientation in the workpiece coordinate system Oscillation on/off Integer, without sign Oscillating: Start point Continuous tool orientation smoothing OSCILL Axis assignment for Axis: 1 - 3 oscillation- infeed axes activate oscillation...
Page 459 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment PCALL Call subprograms with the absolute path No absolute and parameter transfer path. Behavior as for CALL. PAROT Align workpiece coordinate system on workpiece PAROTOF Deactivate workpiece-related frame rotation PDELAYOF Punch with delay OFF...
Page 460 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment PRESETON Sets the actual value for programmed One axis PRESETON(X,10,Y, axes identifier is 4.5) programmed at a time, with its respective value in the next parameter. Up to 8 axes possible.
Page 461 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment READAL Read alarm Alarms are searched according to ascending numbers REAL Data type: floating point Correspond variable with sign (real s to the 64- numbers) bit floating point format of the processor REDEF...
Page 462 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment End of subroutine Use in place of M17 – without function output to PLC. Relative, non-modal, axis-specific radius Radius RIC(50) programming programming RINDEX Define index of character 0, ..., String: in input string 1st parameter,...
Page 463 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment Spindle speed or REAL Spindle speed S...: Speed for master (with G4, G96/G961) Display: in rpm spindle other meaning ±999 999 G4: Dwell time S1...: Speed for spindle 999.9999 in spindle Program:...
Page 464 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment Starting point offset for 0.0000,..., thread cutting 359.999° (spline offset) Sine (trigon. function) real SOFT Soft smoothed path acceleration SOFTA Switch on soft axis acceleration for the programmed axes Nibbling ON (stroke ON) SONS Nibbling ON in IPO cycle (stroke ON slow)
Page 465 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment Sparking-out time Real, without for synchronized action sign Sparking-out time axial for synchronized action START Start selected programs simultaneously in Ineffective for START(1,1,2) or several channels from current program the local START(CH_X, CH_Y) channel.
Page 466 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment SYNR The variable is read synchronously, i.e., at execution time (synchronous read) SYNRW The variable is read and written synchronously, i.e., at execution time (synchronous read-write) SYNW The variable is written synchronously, i.e., at execution time (synchronous write) Call tool...
Page 467 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment TMOF Deselect tool monitoring T-no. required TMOF (T no.) only when the tool with this number is not active. TMON Activate tool monitoring T No. = 0: TMON (T no.) Deactivate monitoring for all tools...
Page 468 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment TOWTCS Wear values in the tool coordinate system (tool carrier ref. point T at the tool holder) TOWWCS Wear values in workpiece coordinate system (WCS) TRAANG Transformation inclined axis Several transformations can be set for...
Page 469 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment VELOLIMA Reduction or overshoot of 1, ..., 200 Valid range is VELOLIMA[X]= ...[%] maximum axial velocity 1 to 200% WAITC Wait until coupling block change criterion Up to 2 WAITC(1,1,2) for axes/spindles is fulfilled (wait for couple axes/spindles...
Page 470 Tables 12.1 List of statements Name Meaning Value Description, Syntax Group comment WHILE Start of WHILE program loop End: ENDWHILE WRITE Write block in file system. The blocks are Appends a block to the end of the inserted after specified file. M30.
Page 471: List Of Addresses
Tables 12.2 List of addresses 12.2 List of addresses List of addresses The list of addresses consists of • Address letters • Fixed addresses • Fixed addresses with axis expansion • Settable addresses Address letters Available address letters Letter Meaning Numeric extension Variable address identifier...
Page 472 Tables 12.2 List of addresses Variable address identifier Start character and separator for file transfer Main block number Skip identifier Available fixed addresses Address Address type Modal/ G70/ G700/ G90/ CIC, Data type identifier non- G710 ACN, CAC, modal CDC, CACN, CACP Subprogram...
Page 473 Tables 12.2 List of addresses Fixed addresses with axis expansion Address Address type Modal/ G70/ G700/ G90/ CIC, Data type identifier non- G710 ACN, CAC, modal CDC, CACN, CACP AX: Axis Variable axis Real identifier Variable Real Interpolatio interpolation n parameter parameter POS: Positioning...
Page 474 Tables 12.2 List of addresses OST1: Stopping time Real Oscillating at left reversal time 1 point (oscillation) OST2: Stopping time Real Oscillating at right time 2 reversal point (oscillation) OSP1: Left reversal Real Oscillating point position 1 (oscillation) OSP2: Right reversal Real Oscillating point...
Page 475 Tables 12.2 List of addresses FXSW: Monitoring Real Fixed stop window for window travel to fixed stop In these addresses, an axis or an expression of axis type is specified in square brackets. The data type in the above column shows the type of value assigned. *) Absolute end points: modal, incremental end points: non-modal, otherwise modal/non- modal depending on syntax of G function.
Page 476 Tables 12.2 List of addresses THETA: third Angle of Real degree of rotation, freedom Tool rotation orientation about the tool direction TILT: Tilt angle Real Tilt angle ORIS: Orientation Real Orientation change Smoothing (referring to factor the path) Interpolation parameters I, J, K** Interpolatio Real...
Page 477 Tables 12.2 List of addresses DISPR: Repos path Real without Distance path difference sign repositioning ALF: Fast Integer Angle lift fast retraction without sign angle DILF: Fast Real Distance lift retraction fast length Fixed point: Integer Number of without sign fixed point to approach RNDM:...
Page 478 Tables 12.2 List of addresses Grinding Sparking- Real without Sparking-out out time sign time Return path n Real without Sparking-out sign retract path Approximate positioning criteria ADIS Rounding Real without clearance sign ADISPOS Rounding Real without clearance sign for rapid traverse Measurement MEAS:...
Page 479: List Of G Functions/Preparatory Functions
No.: internal number for, e.g., PLC interface X: No. for GCODE_RESET_VALUES not permitted m: modal or n: non-modal Def.: Siemens AG (SAG) default setting, M: Milling: T: Turning or other conventions MM.: Default setting, please see machine manufacturer's instructions Group 1: Modally valid motion commands...
Page 480 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions POLY Polynomial: Polynomial interpolation Thread cutting with constant lead G331 Tapping G332 Retraction (tapping) OEMIPO1 Reserved OEMIPO2 Reserved Circle with tangential transition Increase in thread pitch (progressive change) Decrease in thread pitch (degressive change) INVCW Involute interpolation in CW direction INVCCW...
Page 481 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions Group 3: Programmable frame, working area limitation and pole programming Name Meaning X m/n TRANS TRANSLATION: translation, programmable ROTATION: rotation, programmable SCALE SCALE: scaling, programming MIRROR MIRROR: Programmable mirroring ATRANS Additive TRANSLATION: additive translation, programming AROT Additive ROTATION: rotation, programmable ASCALE...
Page 482 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions Group 7: Tool radius compensation Name Meaning X m/n No tool radius compensation Def. Tool radius compensation left of contour Tool radius compensation right of contour Group 8: Settable zero offset Name Meaning X m/n G500 Deactivate all settable G54-G57 frames if G500 does not contain a value...
Page 483 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions Group 11: Exact stop, non-modal Name Meaning X m/n Velocity reduction, exact positioning Group 12: Block change criteria at exact stop (G60/G09) Name Meaning X m/n G601 Block change at exact stop fine Def.
Page 484 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions G952 Freeze revolutional feedrate and const. cutting rate or spindle speed G962 Linear or revolutional feedrate and constant cutting rate G972 Freeze linear or revolutional feedrate and constant spindle speed G973 Revolutional feedrate without spindle speed limiting (G97 without LIMS for ISO mode G963 Reserved...
Page 485 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions Group 20: Curve transition at end of spline Name Meaning X m/n ENAT End natural: natural transition to next traversing block Def. ETAN End tangential: tangential transition to next traversing block at spline begin EAUTO Begin not a node: (no node) End is determined by the position of the last...
Page 486 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions Group 23: Collision monitoring at inside contours Name Meaning X m/n CDOF Collision detection OFF: Collision monitoring OFF Def. CDON Collision detection ON: Collision monitoring ON CDOF2 Collision detection OFF: Collision monitoring OFF (currently only for CUT3DC) Group 24: Feedforward control Name...
Page 487 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions Group 29: Radius - diameter Name No. Meaning X m/n DIAMOF Diameter programming OFF: Diameter programming OFF; radius Def. programming for G90/G91 DIAMON Diameter programming ON: Diameter programming ON for G90/G91 DIAM90 Diameter programming G90: Diameter programming for G90; radius programming for G91 DIAMCYCOF Diameter programming OFF: Radius programming for G90/G91: ON.
Page 488 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions G824 # OEM - G function G825 # OEM - G function G826 # OEM - G function G827 # OEM - G function G828 # OEM - G function G829 # OEM - G function Two G groups are reserved for the OEM.
Page 489 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions Group 37: Feed profile Name Meaning X m/n FNORM # Feed normal: Feed normal (as per DIN 66025) Def. FLIN # Feed linear: Feed linear variable FCUB # Feed cubic: Feedrate variable according to cubic spline Group 38: Assignment of high-speed inputs/outputs for punching/nibbling Name Meaning...
Page 490 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions Group 43: SAR approach direction Name Meaning X m/n G140 SAR approach direction defined by G41/G42 Def. G141 SAR approach direction to left of contour G142 SAR approach direction to right of contour G143 SAR approach direction tangent-dependent Group 44: SAR path segmentation...
Page 491 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions Group 49: Point to point motion Name Meaning X m/n continuous path; path motion Def. point to point; point to point motion (synchronized axis motion) PTPG0 point to point; point to point motion only with G0, otherwise path motion Group 50: Orientation programming Name Meaning...
Page 492 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions Group 53: Frame rotations in tool direction Name No. Meaning X m/n TOROTOF Frame rotation in tool direction OFF Def. TOROT Frame rotation ON Z axis parallel to tool orientation TOROTZ Frame rotation ON Z axis parallel to tool orientation TOROTY Frame rotation ON Y axis parallel to tool orientation TOROTX...
Page 493 Tables 12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions Group 56: Inclusion of tool wear Name Meaning X m/n TOWSTD Tool wear default initial setting value for offsets in tool length Def. TOWMCS Tool WearCoard MCS: Wear values in machine coordinate system (MCS) TOWWCS Tool WearCoard WCS: Wear values in workpiece coordinate system...
Page 494: List Of Predefined Subprograms
Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms WALCS4 WCS working area limitation group 4 active WALCS5 WCS working area limitation group 5 active WALCS6 WCS working area limitation group 6 active WALCS7 WCS working area limitation group 7 active WALCS8 WCS working area limitation group 8 active WALCS9 WCS working area limitation group 9 active WALCS10...
Page 495 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms Predefined subroutine calls 2. Axis groupings 1st-8th Explanation parameter FGROUP Channel axis Variable F value reference: defines the axes to which the path feed refers. identifiers Maximum axis number: 8 The default setting for the F value reference is activated with FGROUP ( ) without parameters.
Page 496 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms TANGOF AXIS: Axis Tangential follow-up mode name Following axis TLIFT AXIS: Following REAL: REAL: Tangential lift: tangential axis Lift-off Factor follow-up mode, stop at path contour end rotary axis lift-off possible TRAILON AXIS: Following AXIS: REAL: Trailing ON: Asynchronous...
Page 497 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms 7. Transformations Keyword/ 1st parameter 2nd parameter Explanation function identifier TRACYL REAL: Working INT: Number Cylinder: Peripheral surface transformation diameter Several transformations can be set per channel. The transformation transformation number specifies which transformation is to be activated. If the second parameter is omitted, the transformation group defined in the MD is activated.
Page 498 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms 9. Grinding Keyword/ 1st parameter Explanation subroutine identifier GWPSON INT: Spindle Grinding wheel peripheral speed ON: Constant grinding wheel peripheral speed ON number If the spindle number is not programmed, then grinding wheel peripheral speed is selected for the spindle of the active tool.
Page 499 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms 11. Execute table Keyword/ 1st parameter Explanation subroutine identifier EXECTAB REAL [ 11]: Execute table: Execute an element from a motion table. Element from motion table 12. Protection zones Keyword/ 1st parameter 2nd parameter 3rd parameter 4th parameter 5th parameter...
Page 500 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms CPROT INT: Number of INT: Option REAL: Offset of REAL: Offset of REAL: Offset of Channel- protection zone protection zone protection zone protection zone specific 0: Protection in 1st geometry in 2nd geometry in 3rd geometry protection zone OFF axis...
Page 501 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms 14. Interrupts Keyword/ 1st parameter Explanation function identifier ENABLE # INT: Number of Activate interrupt: Activates the interrupt routine assigned to the hardware input with interrupt input the specified number. An interrupt is enabled after the SETINT statement. DISABLE # INT: Number of Deactivate interrupt: Deactivates the interrupt routine assigned to the hardware input...
Page 502 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms 18. Program coordination Keyword/su 6th-8th Explanation broutine parameter parameter parameter parameter param param identifier eter eter INIT # INT: STRING: CHAR: Selection of a module for Channel path acknowledg execution in a channel. numbers ement 1 : 1st channel;...
Page 503 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms WAITS INT: Spindle INT: Spindle INT: Spindle INT: Spindle INT: Wait for positioning spindle: number number number number Spindl Wait until programmed spindles previously programmed with numbe SPOSA reach their programmed endpoint. End of subroutine with no function output to the PLC.
Page 504 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms 19. Data access Explanation parameter CHANDATA INT: Set channel number for channel data access (only permitted in initialization block); Channel the subsequent accesses refer to the channel set with CHANDATA. number 20. Messages Explanation parameter parameter STRING:...
Page 505 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms 24. Tool management 1st parameter 2nd parameter 3rd Explanation parameter DELT STRING[32]: Tool INT: Duplo Delete tool. Duplo number can be designation number omitted. GETSELT VAR INT: INT: Spindle Get selected T number. If no spindle T number (return number number is specified, the command...
Page 506 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms 25. Synchronous spindle 1st para- 3rd para- 4th para- 5th parameter Explanation meter para- meter meter parameter Block change behavior meter COUPDEF AXIS: AXIS: REAL: REAL: STRING[8]: Block change behavior: STRING[2]: Couple Followin Leadin Numerat Denomin "NOC": no block change control,...
Page 507 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms COUPOFS AXIS: AXIS: Block change performed as quickly Deactivation of Followin Leadin as possible with immediate block couple with g axis or g axis change. following-spindle following stop. spindle leading (FS) spindle (LS) COUPOFS AXIS: AXIS: REAL:...
Page 508 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms COUPRES AXIS: AXIS: Couple reset: Followin Leadin Reset g axis or g axis synchronous following spindle group. spindle leading The pro- (FS) spindle grammed values (LS) become invalid. The machine data values are valid. For synchronous spindles, the axis parameters are programmed with SPI(1) or S1.
Page 509: Predefined Subroutine Calls In Motion-Synchronous Actions
Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms WAITC # AXIS: Axis/ STRING[8]: AXIS: Axis/ STRING[8]: Wait for couple condition: spindle Block spindle Block Wait until couple block change criterion for the change change axes/spindles is fulfilled. criterion criterion Up to 2 axes/spindles can be programmed. Block change criterion: "NOC": no block change control, block change is enabled immediately,...
Page 510: Predefined Functions
Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms SYNFCT INT: Number of VAR REAL: VAR REAL: If the condition in the motion synchronous action is polynomial Reference input variable**) fulfilled, the polynomial determined by the first function variable*) expression is evaluated at the input variable. The defined with upper and lower range of the value is limited and FCTDEF.
Page 511 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms CSCALE FRAME AXIS REAL: Scale 3. - 15. 4. - 16. Scale: Scale factor for factor Parameter Parameter multiple axes. as 1 ... as 2 ... Maximum number of parameters is 2* maximum number of axes (axis identifier and value).
Page 512 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms Names Result 1st parameter 2nd parameter 3rd parameter 4th parameter parameter parameter CALCPOSI INT: REAL: REAL: REAL: REAL: BOOL: encoded Status Starting Increment: Minimum Return value position in Path definition clearances of to be 0 OK possible incr.
Page 513 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms ISAXIS BOOL INT: Check whether the geometry axis 1 to 3 specified TRUE: Number of the as parameter exists in accordance with Axis exists: geometry axis $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB. Otherwise: (1 to 3) FALSE AXSTRING STRING AXIS Convert axis identifier into string.
Page 514 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms Explanation Changing tool components whilst observing all marginal conditions that are included in the evaluation of the individual components. Details: See Function Manual Basic Functions; (W1) Result 1st parameter 2nd parameter 3rd parameter Explanation LENTOAX INT: INT:...
Page 515 Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms 6. String functions Result 1st parameter 2nd parameter Explanation 3rd parameter ISNUMBER BOOL STRING Check whether the input string can be converted to a number. Result is TRUE if conversion is possible. ISVAR BOOL STRING Check whether the transfer parameter contains a variable known in the NC.
Page 516: Data Types
Tables 12.4 List of predefined subprograms 12.4.4 Data types Data types Data types Type Comment Value range Integers with sign -2147483646 ... +2147483647 REAL Real numbers (fractions with decimal point, LONG ±(2,2*10 … 1,8*10 -308 +308 REAL to IEEE) BOOL Truth values TRUE (1) and FALSE (0) 1, 0 CHAR...
Page 517: Appendix
Appendix Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 518: List Of Abbreviations
Appendix A.1 List of abbreviations List of abbreviations Output Automation system ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange: American coding standard for the exchange of information ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit: User switching circuit ASUB Asynchronous subroutine AuxF Auxiliary function Job planning Operating mode Ready to run...
Page 519 Appendix A.1 List of abbreviations Data Input/Output: Data transfer display Directory: Directory Dynamic Link Library Data transmission equipment Disk Operating System Dual-Port Memory Dual-Port RAM DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory Differential Resolver Function: Differential resolver function (DRF) Dry Run: Dry run feedrate Decoding Single Block: Decoding single block Data Terminal Equipment Data word...
Page 520 Appendix A.1 List of abbreviations Infeed/regenerative-feedback unit (power supply) of the SIMODRIVE 611digital Startup Drive module pulse enable IK (GD) Implicit communication (global data) Interpolative Compensation: Interpolatory compensation Interface Module Interconnection module Interface Module Receive: Interconnection module for receiving data Interface Module Send: Interconnection module for sending data Increment: Increment Initializing Data: Initializing data...
Page 521 Appendix A.1 List of abbreviations Organization block in the PLC Original Equipment Manufacturer Operator Panel Operator Panel: Operating setup Operator Panel Interface Operator Panel Interface: Interface for connection to the operator panel Options: Options Open Systems Interconnection: Standard for computer communications P bus Peripheral Bus Personal Computer...
Page 522 Appendix A.1 List of abbreviations System Files System files Tool Tool change Testing Data Active: Identifier for machine data Tool length compensation TNRC Tool Nose Radius Compensation Tool Offset: Tool offset Tool offset Tool Offset Active: Identifier (file type) for tool offsets TRANSMIT TRANSform Milling Into Turning: Coordinate conversion on turning machine for milling operations...
Page 523: List Of Abbreviations
Appendix A.2 List of abbreviations List of abbreviations A.2.1 Correction sheet - fax template Should you come across any printing errors when reading this publication, please notify us on this sheet. Suggestions for improvement are also welcome. Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 524 Appendix A.2 List of abbreviations Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 525: Overview
Appendix A.2 List of abbreviations A.2.2 Overview Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 526 Appendix A.2 List of abbreviations Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 527: Glossary
Glossary Absolute dimensions A destination for an axis movement is defined by a dimension that refers to the origin of the currently active coordinate system. See -> incremental dimension. Acceleration with jerk limitation In order to optimize the acceleration response of the machine whilst simultaneously protecting the mechanical components, it is possible to switch over in the machining program between abrupt acceleration and continuous (jerk-free) acceleration.
Page 528 Glossary Automatic Operating mode of the control (block sequence operation according to DIN): Operating Mode in NC systems in which a -> parts program is selected and continuously executed. Auxiliary functions Auxiliary functions can be used to transfer -> parameters to the -> PLC in -> parts programs, where they trigger reactions which are defined by the machine manufacturer.
Page 529 Glossary Backup battery The backup battery ensures that the → user program in the → CPU is stored so that it is safe from power failure and so that specified data areas and bit memory, timers and counters are stored retentively. Back-up memory The backup memory enables buffering of memory areas of the ->...
Page 530 Glossary Bus connector A bus connector is an S7-300 accessory part which is supplied together with the -> I/O modules. The bus connector expands the -> S7-300 bus from the -> CPU or an I/O module to the neighboring I/O module. C axis Axis around which the tool spindle describes a controlled rotational and positioning movement.
Page 531 Glossary Compensation value Difference between the axis position measured by the position sensor and the desired, programmed axis position. Connecting cables Connecting cables are pre-assembled or user-assembled 2-wire cables with a connector at each end. This connecting cable connects the → CPU to a → programming device or to other CPUs by means of a →...
Page 532 Glossary Data word A data unit, two bytes in size, within a -> data block. Diagnosis 1. Control operating area 2. The control has both a self-diagnostics program and testing aids for service. Status, alarm and service indicators. Digital input/output module Digital modules are signal formers for binary process signals.
Page 533 Glossary Exact stop With a programmed exact stop instruction, the position stated in a block is approached precisely and very slowly, if necessary. In order to reduce the approach time, -> exact stop limits are defined for rapid traverse and feed. Exact stop limit When all path axes reach their exact stop limits, the control responds as if it had reached its destination point precisely.
Page 534 Glossary Geometry Description of a -> workpiece in the -> workpiece coordinate system. geometry axis Geometry axes are used to describe a 2- or 3-dimensional range in the workpiece coordinate system. Global main program/subroutine Every global main program/subroutine can only appear once under its own name in the directory, and it is not possible to have the same program name in different directories with different contents as a global program.
Page 535 Glossary Inclined surface machining Drilling and milling operations on workpiece surfaces that do not lie in the coordinate planes of the machine can be performed easily using the function "inclined-surface machining". Increment Travel path length specification based on number of increments. The number of increments can be stored as →...
Page 536 Glossary interrupt routine Interrupt routines are special -> subroutines which can be started on the basis of events (external signals) in the machining process. A parts program block which is currently being worked through is interrupted and the position of the axes at the point of interruption is automatically saved.
Page 537 Glossary Limit speed Maximum/minimum (spindle) speed: The maximum speed of a spindle may be limited by values defined in the machine data, the -> PLC or -> setting data. Linear axis The linear axis is an axis which, in contrast to a rotary axis, describes a straight line. Linear interpolation The tool travels along a straight line to the destination point while machining the workpiece.
Page 538 Glossary Machining channel Via a channel structure, parallel sequences of movements, such as positioning a loading gantry during machining, can shorten unproductive times. Here, a CNC channel must be regarded as a separate CNC control system with decoding, block preparation and interpolation.
Page 539 Glossary Mode group At any one time, all axes/spindles are assigned to just one channel. Each channel is assigned to a mode group. The same -> mode is always assigned to the channels in a mode group. Multipoint interface The multipoint interface (MPI) is a 9-pole Sub-D interface. A configurable number of devices can be connected to a multipoint interface and then communicate with each other.
Page 540 Glossary NURBS Internal motion control and path interpolation are performed using NURBS (non-uniform rational B-splines). This provides a uniform internal method for all interpolations in the control (SINUMERIK 840D). For machine manufacturers who manufacture their own user interface or wish to integrate their own technology-specific functions in the control, free space has been left for individual solutions (OEM applications) for SINUMERIK 840D.
Page 541 Glossary Part program management Part program management can be organized by → workpieces. The size of the user memory determines the number of programs and the amount of data that can be managed. Each file (programs and data) can be given a name consisting of a maximum of 24 alphanumeric characters.
Page 542 Glossary Polar coordinates A coordinate system, which defines the position of a point on a plane in terms of its distance from the origin and the angle formed by the radius vector with a defined axis. Polynomial interpolation Polynomial interpolation enables a wide variety of curve characteristics to be generated, such as straight line, parabolic, exponential functions (SINUMERIK 840D).
Page 543 Glossary Protection zone Three-dimensional zone within the → working area into which the tool tip must not pass. Quadrant error compensation Contour errors at quadrant transitions, which arise as a result of changing friction conditions on the guideways, can be almost entirely eliminated with the quadrant error compensation. Parameterization of the quadrant error compensation is performed by means of a circuit test.
Page 544 Glossary Scan cycle Protected subprogram for implementing a repetitious machining operation on the → workpiece. Selecting Series of instructions to the NC that act in concert to produce a particular → workpiece. Likewise, this term applies to execution of a particular machining operation on a given → raw part.
Page 545 Glossary Standard cycles Standard cycles are provided for machining operations, which are frequently repeated: • Cycles for drilling/milling applications • for turning technology The available cycles are listed in the "Cycle support" menu in the "Program" operating area. Once the desired machining cycle has been selected, the parameters required for assigning values are displayed in plain text.
Page 546 Glossary System variables A variable that exists without any input from the programmer of a → part program. It is defined by a data type and the variable name preceded by the character $. See → User- defined variable. TappingRigid This function allows threads to be tapped without a compensating chuck.
Page 547 Glossary Tool radius compensation To directly program a desired → workpiece contour, the control must traverse an equidistant path to the programmed contour taking into account the radius of the tool that is being used (G41/G42). Transformation Additive or absolute work offset of an axis. Traversing range The maximum permissible travel range for linear axes is ±...
Page 548 Glossary Velocity control In order to be able to achieve an acceptable traversing velocity on very short traverse movements within a single block, predictive velocity control can be set over several blocks (- > look ahead). Work offset Specification of a new reference point for a coordinate system through reference to an existing zero point and a ->...
Page 549 Glossary Workpiece coordinate system The workpiece coordinate system has its starting point in the → workpiece zero. In machining operations programmed in the workpiece coordinate system, the dimensions and directions refer to this system. Workpiece zero The workpiece zero is the starting point for the → workpiece coordinate system. It is defined in terms of distances to the →...
Page 550 Glossary Fundamentals Programming Manual, 11/2006, 6FC5398-1BP10-2BA0...
Page 551: Index
Index Alarm -number, 68 -text, 68 ALF, 182, 185 AMIRROR, 231, 256 a fixed point, 186 ANG, 432 Absolute dimensioning, 78 ANG1, 161 Absolute dimensions, 17 ANG2, 161, 162 AC, 79, 80, 122, 284 AP, 119, 122, 124, 132, 143, 152 ACC, 298 Approach and retraction velocities, 375 Acceleration...
Page 552 Index Special axes, 37 Circle radius CR, 53 Synchronized axes, 39 Circle radius CR, 55 Circular interpolation Center-point coordinates I, 79 Circular interpolation Center point coordinates J, 79 Basic Coordinate System, 28 Circular interpolation Blank, 355 Indication of working plane, 138 Block format Circular interpolation D address, 52...
Page 553 Index Coordinate systems, 13 DIAMCHANA, 94 Absolute dimensions, 17 Diameter programming Basic Coordinate System, 28 Action-based, non-modally, 93 Incremental dimension, 19 Axis-specific acceptance, 94 Machine coordinate system, 25 Axis-specific, modal and action-based, 93 Overview, 24 Axis-specific, non-modal or action-based, 94 Plane designations, 21 Channel-specific acceptance, 93, 94 Polar coordinates, 17...
Page 554 Index DYNROUGH, 219 Metric/inch units of measurement, 291 DYNSEMIFIN, 219 Feedrate F, 52, 54 Feedrate non-modal, 193 Feedrate override, percentage, OVR,OVRA, 293 Feedrate values in one block, 314 FFWOF, 222 End of block LF, 50 FFWON, 222 End of program, M2, M17, M30, 47, 415 FGREF, 270 EX, 418 FGROUP, 270...
Page 555 Index G1, 126, 127, 129 G60, 202 G110, 119 G601, 202, 212 G111, 119 G602, 202 G112, 119 G603, 202 G140, 368 G63, 179, 180 G141, 368 G64, 164, 203, 207 G142, 368 G64,G641, 413 G143, 368 G641, 207 G147, 368 G641 ADIS, 206 G148, 368 G641 ADISPOS, 206...
Page 556 Index High-speed function outputs, QU, 412 KONTT, 355 Halt at cycle end, 414 Handwheel jogging with path default, 296 with velocity overlay, 297 Label, 419, 422 Handwheel override, 294 Length of cutting edge Helical interpolation relevant, 406 Programming the end point, 153 LF, 50 Sequence of motions, 158 LFOF, 182...
Page 557 Index M7, 411 Types of feedrate, 269 M70, 283, 413 OVR, 54, 293 Machine axes, 37 OVRA, 293 Machine coordinate system, 25 Main axes, 36 Main block, 52, 55 Main spindle, 37 Parameterizing cycle alarms, 68 Master spindle, 37 PAROT, 262 MEAS, 92, 94 PAROTOF, 262 MEAW, 92, 94...
Page 558 Settable zero offsets, 98 Setting alarms, 68 Setting clamping torque, 189 Setup value, 396 QU, 412 SF, 166, 174 SIEMENS cycles, 68 Skip block Ten skip levels, 65 Skip levels, 65 RAC, 94 Smooth approach and retraction, 367 Radius programming...
Page 559 Index Speed, direction of rotation and stop, 281 Thread cutting, 164, 167, 181 Spindle rotation directions, 302 Cylinder thread, 168 Spindle speed before/after axis movements, 304 Right-hand/left-hand threads, 165 Spindle speed S, 303 Start point offset, 170 Spindle position across block boundary SPOSA, 54 Taper thread, 169 Spindle position SPOS, 54 Thread chains, 164...
Page 560 Index Tool types, 324, 392 Velocity controls, 201 Drill, 326 VELOLIMA, 218 Grinding tools, 327 Milling tools, 324 Slotting saw, 330 Special tools, 329 WAITMC, 278 Turning tools, 328 WAITP, 278 Toolholder, 389 WAITS, 284, 288 Request, TCARR, 390 WALCS0, 112 Toolholder with orientation capability WALCS1-10, 112 Tool direction from active frame, 390...

This manual is also suitable for:

Sinumerik 840d sl Sinumerik 840d Sinumerik 840di Sinumerik 810d

Siemens SINUMERIK 840Di sl Programming Manual

Sinumerik 3

Fundamental Geometrical Principles/Fundamental Principles of Nc Programming

1 Fundamental Geometrical Principles

2 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming

3 Positional Data

4 Motion Commands

5 Path Action

6 Frames

Corrof(Axis,String[Axis,String]) or Corrof(Axis,String) or

7 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion

8 Tool Offsets

9 Special Functions

10 Arithmetic Parameters and Program Jumps

11 Program Section Repetition

12 Tables

Appendix

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Summary of Contents for Siemens SINUMERIK 840Di sl